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Version 1.2. Minor edits made, February 2016.

This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC-BY 3.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of it providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that she or he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information:

Ruth Finnegan, Oral Literature in Africa. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0025

In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0025#copyright

Further details about CC BY licenses are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

All the external links were active on 23/2/2016 unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web

Digital material and resources associated with this volume are hosted by the World Oral Literature Project (http://www.oralliterature.org/collections/rfinnegan001.html) and Open Book Publishers (https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0025#resources).

This is the first volume in the World Oral Literature Series, published in association with the World Oral Literature Project.

ISSN (Print): 2050-7933

ISSN (Online): 2054-362X

ISBN Paperback: 978-1-906924-70-6

ISBN Hardback: 978-1-906924-71-3

ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-906924-72-0

ISBN Digital ebook (epub version): 978-1-906924-73-7

ISBN Digital ebook (mobi version): 978-1-906924-74-4

DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0025

Cover image: West African epic singer with lyre, probably Mandingo or Fula (courtesy Anne-Marie Dauphin and Jean Derive).

All paper used by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative), PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) and Forest Stewardship Council(r)(FSC(r) certified.

Printed in the United Kingdom, United States, and Australia
by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers (Cambridge, UK).