Full Vocabulary for Nepos’
Life of Hannibal and Prologus to the Lives of Outstanding Commanders1

— A —

ā ab abs: from, by (+abl.) (18)

abiciō ‒icere ‒iēcī ‒iectus: throw down, toss (1)

absēns absentis: absent (3)

absum abesse āfuī: be away, absent (1)

ac: and, and besides, than (6)

accēdō ‒cēdere ‒cessī ‒cessum: approach (1)

accidō ‒cidere ‒cidī: happen; fall (3)

accipiō ‒cipere ‒cēpī ‒ceptum: receive (2)

ācer ācris ācre: sharp, piercing (2)

aciēs aciēī f.: edge; line of battle (3)

acquiēscō ‒quiēscere ‒quiēvī ‒quiētum: die, repose in death (1)

ad: to, towards, at (+acc.) (18)

addūcō ‒dūcere ‒dūxī ‒ductum: lead to, induce (2)

adeō ‒īre ‒iī ‒itum: go to (1)

adeō: to such a degree, so (1)

adhibeō ‒hibēre ‒hibuī ‒hibitus: apply

afficiō ‒ficere ‒fēcī ‒fectum: affect, visit with (+abl.) (1)

adiungō ‒iungere ‒iūnxī ‒iūnctum: add, connect, join to (2)

admīror ‒mīrārī ‒mīrātus sum: wonder (at), be surprised

adorior ‒orīrī ‒ortus sum: assault, approach (as an enemy) (1)

adulēscentulus ‒ī m.: young man, youth

adversārius ‒a ‒um: opposite, hostile, contrary (4)

adversus: facing, opposite, against, opposed (to) (+acc.) (6)

aedēs aedis f.: building; house (in pl.)

aedificium ‒ī n.: building (2)

aedificō ‒āre: build, erect (1)

Aemilius ‒ī m.: Aemilius (2)

aēneus ‒a ‒um: made of copper or bronze (1)

aequus ‒a ‒um: equal (1)

aerārius ‒a ‒um: of or belonging to copper or bronze; treasury (pl.) (1)

aetās aetātis f.: age, time of life (2)

afficiō ‒ficere ‒fēcī ‒fectum: affect, visit with (+abl.) (1)

Āfrica ‒ae f.: Africa (3)

ager agrī m.: field (1)

agō agere ēgī āctum: drive, do, act (3)

aliēnus ‒a ‒um: foreign, strange (2)

aliquis ‒quae ‒quod: some, any; si quis, si quid: anyone who, anything that (1)

aliquot: several, some (3)

aliter: otherwise, differently

alius alia aliud: other, another (5)

Alpēs Alpium f.: Alps (1)

Alpicus ‒ī m.: inhabitant of the Alps (1)

alter altera alterum: other of two (1)

amātor amātōris m.: lover, friend

amīcitia ‒ae f.: friendship, alliance (1)

amīcus ‒a ‒um: friendly (2)

amphora ‒ae f.: amphora (large, two‒handled jar) (1)

amplus ‒a ‒um: large, spacious (1)

angustus ‒a ‒um: narrow, confined (1)

anima ‒ae f.: breath, spirit (1)

animus ‒ī m.: spirit, mind (2)

annālis annālis m.: record of events, chronicle (1)

annus ‒ī m.: year (7)

annuus ‒a ‒um: for a year, annual (1)

ante: before, in front of (adv. and prep. +acc.) (1)

anteā: before, earlier, already (2)

antecēdō ‒cēdere ‒cessī ‒cessum: go before, precede, excel (1)

Antiochus ‒ī m.: Antiochus (III, the Great, king of Syria) (6)

appāreō ‒pārēre ‒pāruī: appear, become visible (1)

apparō ‒āre: prepare (1)

appellō ‒āre: call, address, name (1)

Appennīnus ‒ī m.: Apennines (mountain range running the length of the Italian peninsula) (1)

apud: near, in the presence of (+acc.) (13)

Āpulia ‒ae f.: Apulia (region in southeastern Italy) (1)

āra ‒ae f.: altar (1)

arbitrium ‒ī n.: decision, judgment, authority (1)

arbitror arbitrārī arbitrātus sum: consider, think (1)

argentum ‒ī n.: silver, money (1)

arma ‒ōrum n. pl.: arms, weapons, armor, tools (3)

armō ‒āre: arm, equip with weapons (2)

ascendō ‒scendere ‒scendī ‒scēnsum: climb up, ascend (1)

Āsia ‒ae f.: Asia (3)

at: but, but yet (3)

Athēniēnsis Athēniēnsis m.: Athenian

atque: and in addition, and also, and (7)

Atticus ‒ī m.: Atticus (1)

audeō audēre ausus sum: dare, be eager (2)

Aurēlius ‒ī m.: Aurelius (1)

aureus ‒a ‒um: golden; splendid (1)

aurum ‒ī n.: gold (1)

aut: or (2)

autem: moreover, but, however (6)

avāritia ‒ae f.: greed, rapacity (1)

— B —

Baebius ‒ī m.: Baebius (2)

bellicōsus ‒a ‒um: warlike, fierce (1)

bellō ‒āre: wage war, fight, contend (2)

bellum ‒ī n.: war (12)

bene: well (1)

bīduum ‒ī n.: two day period (1)

bīnī ‒ae ‒a: in pairs (1)

Bīthӯnia ‒ae f.: Bithynia (a kingdom in northern Asia Minor) (1)

Bīthӯnius ‒ī m.: inhabitant of Bithynia (1)

Blithō Blithōnis m.: Blitho (1)

bonus ‒a ‒um: goods, property (1)

— C —

cādūceus ‒ī m.: herald’s staff (1)

callidus ‒a ‒um: clever, cunning, shrewd (2)

campus ‒ī m.: plain, field (1)

Cannēnsis Cannēnse: of Cannae (town in southeastern Italy) (1)

cantō ‒āre: play (an instrument), sing

capiō capere cēpī captum: seize (2)

captīvus ‒ī m.: captive (2)

Capua ‒ae f.: Capua (city southeast of Rome) (1)

castellum ‒ī n.: fort, fortress (1)

castrum ‒ī n.: fortress, camp (regularly plural) (5)

cāsus cāsūs m.: a fall; chance, accident (1)

causa ‒ae f.: cause, reason; causā: (+ preceding gen.) for the sake of (1)

celēbritās celēbritātis f.: crowd, company, society

celer celeris celere: swift; adv. celeriter (1)

cēlō ‒āre: hide, conceal (1)

cēna ‒ae f.: dinner, supper

cēnō ‒āre: dine (1)

Centēnius ‒ī m.: Centenius (1)

cēterus ‒a ‒um: the others, the rest (6)

Cethēgus ‒ī m.: Cethegus (1)

Cīmōn Cīmōnis m.: Cimon

circiter: near, not far from (1)

circumdō ‒dare ‒dedī ‒datum: surround, encircle (1)

circumeō ‒īre ‒iī/‒īvī ‒itum: surround (1)

circumveniō ‒venīre ‒vēnī ‒ventum: surround, encircle (1)

citō ‒āre: announce, call on

cīvis civis m./f.: citizen (1)

cīvitās cīvitātis f.: citizenship, state (1)

clam: secretly (1)

clandestīnus ‒a ‒um: secret, hidden, concealed (1)

classiārius ‒ī m.: mariner; (pl.) naval forces, marines (1)

classis classis f.: class, division, fleet (3)

Clastidium ‒ī n.: Clastidium (town in northern Italy) (1)

Claudius ‒ī m.: Claudius (3)

claudō claudere clausī clausum: close, shut (1)

coepī coepisse coeptus: begin (2)

cōgitō ‒āre: think, reflect (1)

cognātiō cognātiōnis f.: kinship, blood‒relationship

cōgnōscō ‒gnōscere ‒gnōvī ‒gnitum: learn, understand (1)

cohortātiō cohortātiōnis f.: exhortation (1)

collēga ‒ae m.: colleague (1)

colligō ‒ere ‒lēgī ‒lēctum: gather together, collect (2)

colloquium ‒ī n.: conversation (1)

commemorō ‒āre: recall, mention (1)

committō ‒mittere ‒mīsī ‒missum: join, entrust to (+dat.); perform, do (1)

commodus ‒a ‒um: proper, elegant

comparō ‒āre: get ready, provide; compare (1)

comperiō ‒perīre ‒perī ‒pertum: find out, learn, know (1)

compleō ‒plēre ‒plēvī ‒plētum: fill up (2)

complūrēs complūrium: several (1)

compōnō ‒pōnere pōsuī pōsitum: build, construct, arrange (2)

comprehendō ‒prehendere ‒prehendī ‒prehensum: seize, apprehend (2)

comprobō ‒āre: approve fully, endorse (1)

concīdō ‒cīdere ‒cīdī ‒cīsum: cut to pieces, beat severely, destroy (1)

conciliō ‒āre: unite, win over (1)

concitō ‒āre: rouse, excite (1)

concurrō ‒currere ‒currī ‒cursum: join battle with (1)

concursus concursūs m.: meeting, collision, encounter (1)

condīciō condīciōnis f.: agreement, condition (1)

condūcō ‒dūcere ‒dūxī ‒ductus: hire, employ

cōnferō cōnferre contulī collātum: collect, bring to (2)

cōnficiō ‒ficere ‒fēcī ‒fectum: complete, accomplish; destroy, kill,
consume (2)

conflīgō ‒flīgere ‒flīxī ‒flīctum: clash, fight (4)

congredior ‒gredī ‒gressus sum: come together, meet, join battle (2)

coniciō ‒icere ‒iēcī ‒iectum: cast, fling, toss (2)

coniūnctus ‒a ‒um: connected, related

conlocō ‒āre: place, station, set up (1)

cōnor cōnārī cōnātus sum: try, undertake, attempt (3)

cōnscrībō ‒scrībere ‒scrīpsī ‒scrīptum: enlist; patrēs cōnscrīptī: senators (1)

cōnsequor ‒sequī ‒secūtus sum: follow up, overtake, attain (3)

cōnserō ‒serere ‒seruī ‒sertum: engage (in close combat), join (battle) (1)

cōnservō ‒āre: retain, maintain, preserve (3)

cōnsīderō ‒āre: consider (1)

cōnsilium ‒ī n.: plan; council, group of advisors (5)

cōnspiciō ‒spicere ‒spexī ‒spectus: catch sight of, perceive (1)

cōnstituō ‒stituere ‒stituī ‒stitūtum: establish, put together (1)

cōnsuēscō ‒suēscere ‒suēvī ‒suētum: be accustomed (1)

cōnsuētūdo cōnsuētūdinis f.: custom, habit (1)

cōnsul cōnsulis m.: consul (13)

cōnsulāris cōnsulāre: consular, of consular rank (2)

cōnsultum ‒ī n.: decree, resolution (1)

contrā: against, opposite (adv. and prep. +acc.)

contrahō ‒trahere ‒trāxī ‒tractum: draw together, assemble, muster (1)

conveniō ‒venīre ‒vēnī ‒ventum: assemble, meet; agree (3)

convīvium ‒ī n.: banquet, feast

convocō ‒āre: call together, assemble (1)

cōpia ‒ae f.: abundance; (pl.) troops (2)

Cornēlius ‒ī m.: Cornelius (3)

cornū cornūs n.: horn (2)

corōna ‒ae f.: crown (1)

corrumpō ‒rumpere ‒rūpī ‒ruptum: break up, destroy, ruin (1)

crēdō crēdere crēdidī crēditum: believe (1)

creō ‒āre: produce, create; elect, choose (1)

Crēta ‒ae f.: Crete (1)

Crētēnsis Crētēnse: Cretan (2)

cum: with (prep. +abl.); when, since, although (conj. +subj.) (48)

cūnctus ‒a ‒um: entire, all together (1)

cupiditās cupiditātis f.: longing, desire, passion (1)

cupiō cupere cupīvī cupītum: desire (2)

cūra ‒ae f.: care, concern (1)

custōdiō custōdīre custōdīvī custōdītus: guard (1)

Cӯrēnaeus ‒ī m.: inhabitant of Cyrene (a city in north Africa) (1)

— D —

dē: down from, about, concerning (+abl.) (10)

dēbeō dēbēre dēbuī dēbitum: owe, be obliged (1)

dēbilitō ‒āre: weaken, impair (1)

dēcernō ‒cernere ‒crēvī ‒crētum: determine, decide (2)

dēclārō ‒āre: indicate, reveal (1)

decōrus ‒a ‒um: proper, suitable

dēdō ‒dere ‒didī ‒ditum: hand over, deliver (2)

dēdūcō ‒dūcere ‒dūxī ‒ductum: launch, lead away (2)

dēfendō ‒fendere ‒fendī ‒fēnsum: defend, ward off (2)

dēferō ‒ferre ‒tulī ‒lātum: carry away, report (3)

deinde or dein: then, next (1)

dēligō ‒ligere ‒lēgī ‒lēctum: choose, select (1)

dēpōnō ‒pōnere ‒posuī ‒positum: lay down, put down (2)

dēserō ‒serere ‒seruī ‒sertum: leave, desert, abandon (1)

dēsistō ‒sistere ‒stitī ‒stitus: cease (from), leave off, abandon (+infin.) (1)

dēspērō ‒āre: be hopeless, give up (1)

dētrīmentum ‒ī n.: harm, loss (1)

dēvincō ‒vincere ‒vīcī ‒vīctum: conquer, overcome (1)

dexter dextra dextrum: right; dextera ‒ae f.: right hand (1)

Diāna ‒ae f.: Diana, a Roman goddess (1)

dīcō dīcere dīxī dictum: say; causam dīcere: plead a case; diem dīcere: appoint a day (5)

dictātor dictātōris m.: dictator (2)

diēs diēī m./f.: day (7)

dīgnus ‒a ‒um: worthy

dīligentia ‒ae f.: care, diligence (1)

dīligō ‒ligere ‒lēxī ‒lēctum: choose, cherish, love (1)

dīmicō ‒āre ‒āvī/uī ‒ātus: fight (1)

dīmittō ‒mittere ‒mīsī ‒missum: send away (3)

discēdō ‒cēdere ‒cessī ‒cessum: go away, depart (1)

discō discere didicī: learn

disiciō ‒icere ‒iēcī ‒iectum: destroy, scatter (1)

dispālor ‒pālārī ‒pālātus sum: to wander around, straggle (1)

dissideō ‒sidēre ‒sēdī ‒sessum: disagree, quarrel (1)

distringō ‒stringere ‒strinxī ‒strictum: distract, be busy (1)

diū: for a long time (2)

dīvīnus ‒a ‒um: divine (1)

dō dare dedī datum: give (9)

doceō docēre docuī doctum: teach

doctor doctōris m.: teacher, instructor (1)

dolus ‒ī m.: artifice, device, trick (2)

domesticus ‒a ‒um: personal, private, domestic (1)

domus ‒ī m.: house, home (6)

dōnō ‒āre: present with a gift (+acc. of person and abl. of thing) (1)

dubitō ‒āre: hesitate, doubt (4)

dubius ‒a ‒um: doubtful; sine dubiō: without a doubt, certainly (2)

dūcō dūcere: dūxī ductum: lead; uxōrem dūcere: marry (4)

dum: while (+indic.); until (+subj.); provided that (+subj.) (2)

duo duae duo: two (4)

duplex duplicis: double (1)

dux ducis m./f.: leader, general (1)

— E —

efficiō ‒ficere ‒fēcī ‒fectum: bring about, complete; render (+ut + subj.) (3)

effugiō ‒fugere ‒fūgī ‒fugitum: escape (1)

ego meī mihi mē mē: I, me, we, us (9)

ēgredior ‒gredī ‒gressus sum: stride out, depart, disembark from (+abl.) (2)

elephantus ‒ī m.: elephant (1)

enim: for, indeed (4)

ēnumerō ‒āre: enumerate, recount (1)

eō īre iī/īvī itum: go (1)

Epamīnōndās ‒ae m.: Epaminondas

epistula ‒ae f.: letter (2)

eques equitis m.: horseman, knight (1)

equitātus equitātūs m.: cavalry (1)

ergā: towards, in relation to (+acc.) (2)

error errōris m.: wandering; error, mistake (1)

et: and (15)

etiam: also, even (4)

Etrūria ‒ae f.: Etruria (region in Italy, northwest of Rome) (1)

etsī: although (2)

Eumenēs Eumenis m.: Eumenes (II, king of Pergamum in Asia Minor) (7)

ex ē: out of, from (+abl.) (10)

excēdō ‒cēdere ‒cessī ‒cessum: leave, withdraw (1)

excellēns excellentis: distinguished, excellent

exciō ‒īre ‒īvī ‒itum: dispatch, call, incite (1)

exeō ‒īre ‒iī ‒itum: go forth (1)

exerceō ‒ercēre ‒ercuī ‒ercitum: train, exercise, carry on (1)

exercitus exercitūs m.: army (10)

exhauriō ‒haurīre ‒hausī ‒haustum: exhaust, deplete (1)

exīstimō ‒āre: think, believe (1)

exitus exitūs m.: exit (2)

exōrdior ‒ōrdīrī ‒ōrsus sum: begin, commence

expediō ‒pedīre ‒pedīvī ‒pedītum: extricate, set free (1)

expers expertis: lacking of, without (+gen.)

explicō ‒āre: unfold, explain (1)

explōrō ‒āre: investigate, inquire, put to the test (1)

explicō ‒āre: unfold, explain

expōnō ‒pōnere ‒posuī ‒positum: set forth, explain

exposcō ‒poscere ‒poposcī: demand (1)

expugnō ‒āre: take by assault, storm (1)

exsul exsulis m./f.: exile (1)

extrā: outside (+acc.) (1)

— F —

Fabius ‒ī m.: Fabius (3)

facilis facile: easy (4)

faciō facere fēcī factum: do, make (20)

facultās facultātis f.: willingness, readiness (1)

Falernus ‒ī m.: Falernus (region in Campania, south of Rome) (1)

fāma ‒ae f.: rumor, fame (1)

familia ‒ae f.: household, family

ferē: almost

ferō ferre tulī lātum: bear, carry, endure (1)

festīnātiō festīnātiōnis f.: haste, speed, hurry

fīctilis fīctile: made of clay, earthen (2)

fidēs fideī f.: trust, faith (3)

fīdūcia ‒ae f.: trust, confidence (1)

fīlius fīliī m.: son (2)

fīnis fīnis m.: end, boundary (2)

fīō fierī factus sum: happen, be done, become (2)

Flāminīnus ‒ī m.: Flamininus (3)

Flāminius ‒ī m.: Flaminius (1)

foederō ‒āre: make an alliance or treaty (1)

foedus foederis n.: treaty (1)

fore: futūrum esse; forem, forēs, foret, forent = essem, essēs, esset, essent: be, exist, live (5)

foris foris f.: door (1)

forte: by chance (1)

fortis forte: brave (1)

fortitūdō fortitūdinis f.: strength, force, manliness (1)

fortuītō: by chance (1)

fortūna ‒ae f.: fortune (2)

frāter frātris m.: brother (4)

Fregellae ‒ārum f.: Fregellae (town in Latium, near Rome) (1)

frūstrā: in vain, to no end (1)

frūstror frūstrārī frūstrātus sum: disappoint, frustrate (1)

fuga ‒ae f.: flight, route (3)

fugō ‒āre: put to flight (5)

fundāmentum ‒ī n.: foundation (1)

Fūrius ‒ī m.: Furius (1)

futūrum esse; forem, forēs, foret, forent = essem, essēs, esset, essent: be, exist, live (6)

— G —

Gāius ‒ī m.: Gaius (4)

Gallia ‒ae f.: Gaul (1)

Geminus ‒ī m.: Geminus (1)

gēns gentis f.: family, clan (2)

genus generis n.: origin, lineage, kind (1)

germānus ‒a ‒um: (of a sibling) with the same father

gerō gerere gessī gestum: bear, manage; bellum gerere: wage war (8)

Gnaeus ‒ī m.: Gnaeus (3)

Gortӯnius ‒ī m.: inhabitant of Gortyn (a city in Crete) (2)

Gracchus ‒ī: Gracchus (1)

Graecus ‒a ‒um: Greek (2)

Grāius ‒a ‒um: Greek, Grecian (2)

grātia ‒ae f.: favor, influence, gratitude (1)

grātus ‒a ‒um: pleasant; grateful (2)

gravis grave: heavy, serious (1)

gynaecōnītis gynaecōnītidis f.: women’s apartments

— H —

habeō habēre habuī habitum: have, hold (6)

Hadrūmētum ‒ī n.: Hadrumetum (city in north Africa, near Carthage) (2)

Hamilcar Hamilcaris m.: Hamilcar Barca (Carthaginian general and father of Hannibal) (2)

Hannibal Hannibalis m.: Hannibal (21)

Hasdrubal Hasdrubalis m.: Hasdrubal (brother‒in‒law of Hannibal) (2)

Hercules Herculis m.: Hercules (1)

hērēditās hērēditātis f.: inheritance (1)

hic haec hoc: this, these (35)

hīc: here (1)

Hispānia ‒ae f.: Spain (4)

hodiē: today (1)

homō hominis m.: human being (1)

honestās honestātis f.: respectfulness, honor, integrity

honestus ‒a ‒um: worthy; decent; honorable

hospitium ‒ī n.: hospitality (1)

hostia ‒ae f.: victim, sacrifice (1)

hostis hostis m./f.: stranger, foreigner, enemy (1)

hūc: to this place (3)

humilis humile: low, base

— I —

iaciō iacere iēcī iactum: throw, hurl (1)

iam: now; already (2)

iānua ‒ae f.: door (1)

ibi: there (4)

īdem eadem idem: the same (8)

igitur: therefore (1)

ille illa illud: that (7)

illūdō ‒lūdere ‒lūsī ‒lūsum: deceive, mock, trick (1)

immittō ‒mittere ‒mīsī ‒missum: send in (1)

immolō ‒āre: sacrifice, offer as sacrifice (1)

imperātor imperātōris m.: commander (6)

imperium ‒ī n.: command, power (4)

imperō ‒āre: command, control (2)

impraesentiārum: at present (1)

imprūdēns imprūdentis: unaware, lacking foresight, imprudent (1)

in: (+acc.) to, into (+abl.) at, in, on (62)

incendō ‒cendere ‒cendī ‒censum: inflame, set fire to (2)

incola ‒ae m./f.: inhabitant (1)

incrēdibilis incrēdibile: unbelievable, incredible (1)

inde: from there, from then (2)

indigeō ‒digēre ‒diguī: be in need of, require (+gen.) (1)

indūcō ‒dūcere ‒dūxī ‒ductum: lead in, entice (3)

ineō ‒īre ‒iī ‒itum: go into, begin, undertake (1)

inermis inerme: unarmed (1)

īnfāmis īnfāme: dishonorable, disgraceful

īnferō īnferre intulī illātum: bring in, introduce, bring to, carry in (1)

īnfitior ‒fitiārī ‒fitiātus sum: deny, contradict (1)

iniciō ‒icere ‒iēcī ‒iectum: inspire, cause, put in (1)

inimīcus ‒a ‒um: unfriendly (2)

initium ‒ī n.: beginning (1)

inquam, inquis, inquit, inquiunt: say (used with direct speech) (2)

īnsciēns īnscientis: ignorant, unaware (1)

īnsidiae ‒ārum f.: ambush (3)

īnsidior ‒ārī ‒ātus sum: ambush, lay a trap (+dat.) (1)

īnstituō ‒stituere ‒stituī ‒stitūtum: undertake; equip (2)

īnstitūtum ‒ī n.: practice, custom

intellegō ‒legere ‒lēxī ‒lēctum: understand (2)

inter: between, among; during (+acc.) (1)

intereō ‒īre ‒iī ‒itum: perish, die (1)

interficiō ‒ficere ‒fēcī ‒fectum: kill (5)

interior interius: inner, more inward (1)

interitus interitūs m.: ruin, destruction (1)

intrā: within (+acc.) (1)

inveniō ‒venīre ‒vēnī ‒ventum: find; discover (1)

invictus ‒a ‒um: undefeated (1)

invidia ‒ae f.: envy, jealousy, hatred (1)

ipse ‒a ‒um: him‒ her‒ itself (9)

irrīdeō ‒rīdēre ‒rīsī ‒rīsum: mock, make fun of (1)

is ea id: he, she, it (69)

ita: thus, so (2)

Italia ‒ae f.: Italy (8)

itaque: and so, therefore (1)

item: likewise (1)

iter itineris n.: journey, route (3)

iterum: again (2)

iubeō iubēre iussī iussum: bid, order (2)

iūdicō ‒āre: judge, decide (2)

Iuppiter Iovis m.: Jupiter (1)

iūrō ‒āre: take an oath, swear; iūs iūrandum: oath (1)

iūs iūris n.: right, justice, law (1)

iūs iūrandum n.: oath (1)

iuvencus ‒ī m.: bull (1)

— K —

Karthāginiēnsis Karthāginiēnsis: Carthaginian (5)

Karthāgō Karthāginis f.: Carthage (4)

— L —

Labeō Labeōnis m.: Labeo (1)

labor labōris m.: toil, exertion (1)

Lacedaemōn Lacedaemonis f.: Sparta

Lacedaemonius ‒a ‒um: Spartan, Lacedaemonian (1)

laus laudis f.: praise, glory

lectīca ‒ae f.: litter (1)

lēgātus ‒ī m.: lieutenant, envoy (6)

legō legere lēgī lēctus: gather; choose; read

levis leve: light, trivial

libēns libentis: gladly, happily, willing (1)

liber ‒ī m.: book (2)

Ligurēs Ligurum m.: Ligurians (a people in the north‒west coast of Italy) (1)

littera ‒ae f.: letter; (pl.) literature (2)

lītus lītoris n.: shore (1)

locus ‒ī m.: place; loca: (n. pl.) region (6)

longus ‒ī m.: Longus (1)

Longus ‒a ‒um: long, prolonged (1)

Lūcānī ‒ōrum m.: Lucanians, the region of Lucania in southern Italy (6)

Lucius ‒ī m.: Lucius (4)

— M —

magis: more, in a higher degree (1)

magister magistrī m.: master, chief (1)

magistrātus magistrātūs m.: magistrate (2)

magnitūdō magnitūdinis f.: greatness, bulk

magnus ‒a ‒um: great (6)

Māgo Māgōnis m.: Mago (brother of Hannibal) (5)

maiōrēs maiōrum m.: ancestors

Manlius ‒ī m.: Manlius (1)

manus manūs f.: hand; band of men (2)

Marcellus ‒ī m.: Marcellus (2)

Marcus ‒ī m.: Marcus (6)

mare maris n.: sea (3)

māter mātris f.: mother

mātrimōnium ‒ī n.: marriage, matrimony

Māximus ‒ī m.: Maximus (1)

memor memoris: mindful (+gen.) (1)

memoria ‒ae f.: recollection, memory (2)

mēns mentis f.: mind, heart (1)

mentiō mentiōnis f.: mention (2)

mercēs mercēdis f.: pay, wages

meus ‒a ‒um: my (1)

mīles mīlitis m.: soldier (1)

mīlle mīlia: thousand (1)

Minucius ‒ī m.: Minucius (2)

mīror mīrārī mīrātus sum: wonder at, marvel at (+acc.) (1)

mittō mittere mīsī missum: send, let go (5)

modus ‒ī m.: measure, manner, kind (2)

mōns montis m.: mountain (1)

morbus ‒ī m.: sickness, disease (1)

moror morārī morātus sum: delay (1)

mortuus ‒a ‒um: dead (1)

mōs mōris m.: custom, habit; character (in pl.)

multitūdō ‒inis f.: multitude, number (6)

multus ‒a ‒um: much, many; multō, by far (8)

mūniō mūnīre mūnīvī mūnītum: build (1)

mūnus mūneris n.: gift, offering; duty, obligation; (pl.) gladiatorial show (2)

mūsica ‒ae f.: music

— N —

nam or namque: for, indeed, really (7)

nāscor nāscī nātus sum: be born (2)

nātiō nātiōnis f.: people, nation, race (2)

naufragium ‒ī n.: shipwreck (1)

nauticus ‒a ‒um: naval (1)

nāvālis nāvāle: naval (1)

nāvis nāvis f.: ship (13)

nē: lest, that not (7)

negō ‒āre: deny, refuse (1)

nēmō nēminis: no one (gen. nūllīus, dat. nūllī, abl. nūllō or nūllā) (8)

neque: and not, nor; nec...nec: neither...nor (7)

nihil: nothing; not at all (3)

nisi: if not, unless (5)

nōbilis nōbile: distinguished, noble; a nobleman or woman (as subst.)

noctū: by night (1)

nōmen nōminis n.: name (1)

nōn: not (19)

noster nostra nostrum: our

novem: nine (1)

novus ‒a ‒um: new (3)

nox noctis f.: night (2)

nūllus ‒a ‒um: no one, not any (2)

num: interrogative particle implying negative answer (1)

Numida ‒ae m.: Numidian (a tribe in northern Africa) (1)

numquam: never (4)

nunc: now (1)

nūntiō ‒āre: report (1)

ob: against, on account of (+acc.) (1)

obdūcō ‒dūcere ‒dūxī ‒ductum: envelop, overspread (1)

— O —

obiciō ‒icere ‒iēcī ‒iectum: oppose, set against (2)

obitus obitūs m.: death (1)

obses obsidis m./f.: hostages (2)

obsideō ‒sidēre ‒sēdī ‒sessum: besiege (1)

obtrectātiō obtrectātiōnis f.: detraction, disparagement (1)

obviam: against (1)

occīdō ‒cīdere ‒cīdī ‒cīsum: kill, cut down (1)

occupō ‒āre: seize, occupy; anticipate, do a thing first (+infin.) (3)

oculus ‒ī m.: eye (1)

odium ‒ī n.: hatred (2)

Olympia ‒ae f.: Olympia

omittō ‒mittere ‒mīsī ‒missum: neglect, omit (1)

omnis omne: all, every, as a whole (13)

opera ‒ae f.: labor, activity, work (2)

operiō operīre operuī opertum: cover over (1)

oppleō ‒plēre ‒plēvī ‒plētum: fill up (1)

opprimō ‒primere ‒pressī ‒pressum: crush, overpower (2)

ops opis f.: assistance, resources (2)

optimus ‒a ‒um: best, excellent; adv. optimē (1)

ōrnātus ‒a ‒um: equipped, furnished (1)

ostendō ostendere ostendī ostentum: show, hold out (2)

— P —

Padus ‒ī m.: Padus River (major river in northern Italy; modern Po) (2)

palam: openly (2)

Pamphӯlius ‒a ‒um: of Pamphylia (region in southern Asia Minor) (1)

pār paris: equal (5)

pāreō pārēre pāruī: obey (1)

parō ‒āre: make, prepare, provide (1)

pars partis f.: part (1)

partim: partly, in part

parvus ‒a ‒um: small (1)

passus passūs m.: step, pace or five feet (1)

patefaciō ‒facere ‒fēcī ‒factum: lay open (1)

pater patris m.: father, ancestor (4)

paternus ‒a ‒um: fatherly, paternal (1)

patior patī passus sum: permit, endure (1)

patria ‒ae f.: fatherland, country (3)

paucī ‒ae ‒a: few (5)

Paulus ‒ī m.: Paulus (2)

pāx pācis f.: peace (2)

pecūnia ‒ae f.: money (3)

pedester pedestris pedestre: on foot, on land, of infantry (1)

pellō pellere pepulī pulsum: strike, beat, push, drive (4)

pendō pendere pependī pēnsum: weigh, hang, suspend; pay (1)

per: through (+acc.) (1)

perfugiō ‒fugere ‒fūgī: flee (1)

perfungor ‒fungī ‒fūnctus sum: perform, endure (1)

Pergamēnus ‒a ‒um: of Pergamum (a kingdom in Asia Minor) (3)

perīculum ‒ī n.: danger (1)

persequor ‒sequī ‒secūtus sum: follow, pursue

persōna ‒ae f.: role, character

persuādeō ‒suādēre ‒suāsī ‒suāsum: persuade (1)

perterreō ‒terrēre ‒terruī ‒territum: terrify (1)

pertineō ‒tinēre ‒tinuī: extend over, reach; refer to, pertain to, be the business of (1)

perveniō ‒venīre ‒vēnī ‒ventum: arrive, reach (6)

petō petere petīvī petītum: seek, aim at (6)

Philippus ‒ī m.: Philip (V, king of Macedon) (1)

plērusque plēraque plērumque: the greater part, very many, most, the majority; plērumque: generally

plumbum ‒ī n.: lead (1)

plūrimus ‒a ‒um: the greatest number of, very many; plūrimī: most people (1)

plūs plūris: a greater amount or number, more (2)

poena ‒ae f.: penalty, punishment (1)

Poenus ‒ī m.: Phoenician, Carthaginian (3)

polliceor ‒licērī ‒licitus sum: promise (1)

Polybius ‒ī m.: Polybius (1)

pōnō pōnere posuī positum: put, place; put aside (2)

Pontus ‒ī m.: Pontus (kingdom in northeastern Asia Minor) (1)

populus ‒ī m.: people (3)

portō ‒āre: carry a load (2)

possum posse potuī: be able (10)

post: after (adv. and prep. +acc.) (6)

posteā: afterwards (3)

posteāquam: after (1)

posterus ‒a ‒um: next, later (1)

postquam: after (3)

postulō ‒āre: ask for, demand, require (2)

potēns potentis: able, powerful (1)

potestās potestātis f.: power (1)

potissimum: first of all, especially, principally (1)

praebeō praebēre praebuī praebitum: furnish, supply, render (1)

praecipiō ‒cipere ‒cēpī ‒ceptum: anticipate, advise, warn (2)

praeferō ‒ferre ‒tulī ‒lātum: prefer (1)

praemium ‒ī n.: bounty, reward (1)

praesēns praesentis: present, in person, ready (1)

praesidium ‒ī n.: garrison, protection (1)

praestō ‒stāre ‒stitī ‒stitum: excel, exhibit (1)

praesum ‒esse ‒fuī: preside or take charge of (+dat.) (3)

praeter: by, along, past; besides, except (+acc.) (2)

praetereā: besides, moreover (1)

praetor praetōris m.: praetor, one of the chief Roman magistrates (2)

praetūra ‒ae f.: praetorship (1)

premō premere pressī pressum: press, pursue, overwhelm (2)

prīmus ‒a ‒um: first; adv. prīmum: at first, firstly (1)

prīnceps prīncipis: first, chief (2)

prior prius: earlier, preceding; prius or priusquam: before (1)

prīstinus ‒a ‒um: former (1)

priusquam: before (2)

prōdeō ‒īre ‒ivī ‒itum: appear in public, exhibit, go/come forward

prōdō ‒dere ‒didī ‒ditum: publish, hand down; give over, betray (2)

prōdūcō ‒dūcere ‒dūxī ‒ductum: lead forth (1)

proelium ‒ī n.: battle (6)

proficīscor ‒ficīscī ‒fectus sum: set forth, go (5)

profiteor ‒fitērī ‒fessus sum: declare publicly (1)

proflīgō ‒āre: overwhelm, crush, defeat decisively (1)

profugiō ‒fugere ‒fūgī: flee (1)

prohibeō ‒hibēre ‒hibuī ‒hibitum: restrain, keep away (1)

prōpatulum ‒ī n.: open courtyard (1)

prope: near, next, (comp.) propior, (superl.) proximus; (adv.) prope: nearly, almost (1)

properē: quickly (1)

propinquus ‒a ‒um: near, neighboring (+dat.) (1)

prōpōnō ‒pōnere ‒posuī ‒positum: put forth, propose, present

propter: because of (+acc.) (2)

prōspiciō ‒spicere ‒spēxī ‒spectum: look out (1)

prōvideō ‒vidēre ‒vīdī ‒vīsum: prepare, make ready (1)

proximus ‒a ‒um: next, nearest (2)

prūdentia ‒ae f.: practical skill, intelligence (2)

Prūsias ‒ae m.: Prusias (king of Bithynia) (4)

pūblicō ‒āre: confiscate (1)

pūblicus ‒a ‒um: public, belonging to the state (1)

Publius ‒ī m.: Publius (4)

pudeō pudēre puduī puditus: be ashamed, make ashamed

puer puerī m.: boy; slave (2)

puerulus ‒ī m.: little boy (1)

pugna ‒ae f.: fist‒fight; battle (3)

pugnō ‒āre: fight (3)

puppis puppis f.: ship, stern (1)

putō ‒āre: think, suppose

Pӯrēnaeus ‒a ‒um: of the Pyrenees (mountain range between Hispania and Gaul) (1)

— Q —

quaerō quaerere quaesīvī quaesītum: seek, inquire (2)

quam: how? (after comparative) than (6)

quamdiū: as long as (1)

quantus ‒a ‒um: (interr.) how great? (rel.) of what size, amount, etc. (2)

quārē: how? why? (1)

que: and (enclitic) (34)

quī quae quod (rel. pronoun): who, which, what (83)

quī quae quod (interrogative adj): who, which, what (70)

quisquam quicquam/quidquam: any (single) person, anyone at all (1)

quīcumque quaecumque quodcumque: whoever, whatever (1)

quidem: certainly, at least (2)

quīn: indeed, in fact; (conj.) so that...not (+subj.) (2)

Quinctius ‒ī m.: Quinctius (1)

quīnque: five (2)

quīnquiēns: five times (1)

Quintus ‒ī m.: Quintus (3)

quippe: indeed, surely

quis quid: (interrogative adj.) who? what? (4)

quō: for which reason; to or in what place; to what end, for what
purpose? (3)

quod: because (4)

quoque: also, too (4)

quotannīs: every year (1)

quotiēnscumque: how often, as often as (1)

— R —

ratiō ratiōnis f.: method, plan, reason (1)

recipiō ‒cipere ‒cēpī ‒ceptum: take back, receive; sē recipere: betake oneself, go (2)

rēctus ‒a ‒um: straight, direct

recūsō ‒āre: protest (1)

reddō ‒dere ‒didī ‒ditum: return, give back (3)

redeō ‒īre ‒iī ‒itum: go back, return (3)

referō referre rettulī relātum: bring back; report (1)

rēgnum ‒ī n.: kingship, kingdom (1)

relinquō ‒linquere ‒līquī ‒lictum: abandon (4)

reliquus ‒a ‒um: left, left over, remaining (3)

remittō ‒mittere ‒mīsī ‒missum: send back (1)

removeō ‒movēre ‒mōvī ‒mōtum: remove, dismiss (2)

renūntiō ‒āre: report (1)

reor rērī rātus sum: think, imagine, suppose, deem (1)

repente: suddenly (1)

repentīnō: suddenly (1)

reperiō reperīre repperī repertum: find, find out (2)

rēpō rēpere rēpsī rēptum: crawl (1)

repōnō ‒pōnere ‒posuī ‒positum: place, deposit (1)

rēs reī f.: matter, affair, situation (13)

rēscīscō ‒scīscere ‒scīvī ‒scītum: find out, get to know (1)

resistō ‒stere ‒stitī: resist, oppose (2)

respōnsum ‒ī n.: response, reply (2)

retineō ‒tinēre ‒tinuī ‒tentum: hold back, keep (1)

revertō ‒vertere ‒vertī: turn back (1)

revocō ‒āre: call back, recall (2)

rēx rēgis m.: king (14)

Rhodanus ‒ī m.: Rhodanus River (major river in southern Gaul; modern Rhône) (2)

Rhodius ‒a ‒um: of Rhodes (island in eastern Mediterranean) (2)

rīdeō rīdēre rīsī rīsum: laugh, laugh at (1)

rōbustus ‒a ‒um: strong (1)

rogō ‒āre: ask (1)

Rōma ‒ae f.: Rome (5)

Rōmānus ‒a ‒um: Roman (20)

ruber rubra rubrum: red (1)

Rūfus ‒ī m.: Rufus (1)

— S —

sacrificō ‒āre: make sacrifice, sacrifice (1)

saepe: often (1)

Saguntum ‒ī n.: Saguntum (town in eastern Spain) (1)

saltō ‒āre: dance

saltus saltūs m.: mountain pass (3)

salūs salūtis f.: health, safety (1)

sarmentum ‒ī n.: twig, branch (1)

satis/sat: enough, sufficiently (2)

saucius ‒a ‒um: wounded (1)

scaena ‒ae f.: stage (of a theater)

scapha ‒ae f.: small boat, skiff (1)

scīlicet: certainly, of course (1)

sciēns scientis: skilled, expert

sciō scīre scīvī/‒iī scītum: know (1)

Scīpiō Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio (4)

scrībō scrībere scrīpsī scrīptum: write (3)

scrīptūra ‒ae f.: writing, composition

secundus ‒a ‒um: following; favorable (1)

sed: but (8)

sedeō sedēre sēdī sessum: sit

sēgregō ‒āre: separate, exclude, remove (1)

sēiungō ‒iungere ‒iūnxī ‒iūnctus: separate (1)

semper: always, ever (2)

Semprōnius ‒ī m.: Sempronius (1)

senātus senātūs m.: senate (4)

sentiō sentīre sēnsī sēnsum: perceive, feel, hear, see (2)

septuāgēsimus ‒a ‒um: seventieth (1)

sequor sequī secūtus sum: follow

sermō sermōnis m.: conversation, discourse (1)

serpēns serpentis f.: snake (3)

Servīlius ‒ī m.: Servilius (1)

servulus ‒ī m.: young slave (1)

sētius: less, in a lesser degree (1)

sī: if (12)

sīc: in this manner, thus; sīc...ut: in the same way as (7)

signum ‒ī n.: sign, standard, mark (1)

Sīlēnus ‒ī m.: Silenus (1)

simul: at the same time (4)

simulō ‒āre: pretend, put on the appearance of (1)

sine: without (+abl.) (3)

societās societātis f.: alliance (1)

sōlum: only, merely (3)

solvō solvere solvī solūtum: release, set sail (2)

soror sorōris f.: sister

Sōsylus ‒ī m.: Sosylus (2)

spectāculum ‒ī n.: show, sight, spectacle

spēs speī f.: hope (1)

statim: immediately (2)

statua ‒ae f.: statue (1)

stultus ‒a ‒um: foolish (1)

subigō ‒igere ‒ēgī ‒āctus: conquer, subdue (1)

sufficiō ‒ficere ‒fēcī ‒fectus: appoint to a magistracy in place of another (1)

sui sibi sē sē/sēsē: himself, herself, itself (30)

Sulpicius ‒ī m.: Sulpicius (2)

sum esse fuī futūrus: be, exist, live (61)

summus ‒a ‒um: highest, farthest, last (3)

sūmō sūmere sūmpsī sūmptum: take up (1)

superō ‒āre: overcome, surpass, defeat (5)

supersum ‒esse ‒fuī: remain, survive; be superfluous (to) (1)

superus ‒a ‒um: situated above, upper; superī ‒ōrum m. pl.: those above, i.e., the gods (3)

suprā: above, beyond (adv. and prep. +acc.) (1)

suscipiō ‒cipere ‒cēpī ‒ceptus: take up (2)

sustineō sustinēre sustinuī sustentum: hold up, sustain (1)

suus ‒a ‒um: his own, her own, its own (13)

Syria ‒ae f.: Syria (2)

— T —

tabellārius tabellāriī m.: letter‒carrier, messenger (2)

tālis tāle: such (4)

tam: so, so much (1)

tamen: nevertheless, still (2)

Tamphilus ‒ī m.: Tamphilus (2)

tamquam: so as, just as (1)

tantus ‒a ‒um: so great, so much; tantum / tantummodo: only (6)

templum ‒ī n.: consecrated ground; temple (2)

tempus temporis n.: time (5)

teneō tenēre tenuī tentum: have, keep (2)

Terentius ‒ī m.: Terentius (1)

terra ‒ae f.: land (1)

terror terrōris m.: terror (1)

tertius ‒a ‒um: third (4)

Thermopylae ‒ārum f.: Thermopylae (1)

Tiberis Tiberis m./f.: Tiber River (1)

Tiberius ‒ī m.: Tiberius (2)

tībia ‒ae f.: reed‒pipe

Titus ‒ī m.: Titus (1)

tollō tollere sustulī sublātum: raise up, destroy (2)

tōtus ‒a ‒um: whole, entire

trādūcō ‒dūcere ‒dūxī ‒ductum: lead across (1)

trānseō trānsīre trānsiī trānsitum: go across (4)

Trasumēnus ‒ī m.: Trasimene (lake in Etruria) (1)

Trebia ‒ae f.: Trebia (river in Cisalpine Gaul) (2)

trecentī ‒ae ‒a: three hundred (1)

trēs tria: three (1)

tribuō tribuere tribuī tribūtum: assign, grant (1)

triennium ‒ī n.: three year period (1)

tū tuī tibi tē tē: you (1)

tum: then (3)

turpis turpe: ugly

turpitūdō turpitūdinis f.: shamefulness, disgrace

— U —

ubi: where, when (3)

ūllus ‒a ‒um: any, anyone (1)

umquam: ever (1)

unde: from where (1)

undique: from all sides, on all sides (1)

ūniversus ‒a ‒um: all together (1)

ūnus ‒a ‒um: one (8)

urbs urbis f.: city (1)

ūsque: up to; continuously (3)

ūsus ūsūs m.: use, experience (1)

ut: as (+indic.); so that, with the result that (+subj.) (20)

uterque utraque utrumque: each of two (4)

ūtor ūtī ūsus sum: use, employ, apply (+abl.) (2)

utpote: namely (reinforcing an explanation) (1)

utrobīque: on both sides (1)

uxor uxōris f.: wife

— V —

valēns valentis: strong, powerful (1)

valeō valēre valuī: be strong, excel, be valid, prevail; valē: farewell! (1)

valētūdō valētūdinis f.: health; illness (1)

vāllum ‒ī n.: rampart; protection (1)

varius ‒a ‒um: changing, varied, various (1)

vāsum ‒ī n.: vase, container (2)

vectīgal vectīgālis n.: tax, levy (1)

vehō vehere vēxī vectum: carry; vehor vehī vectus sum: travel, ride (1)

vēlum ‒ī n.: sail (1)

velut: even as, just as (1)

venēnō ‒āre: poison (1)

venēnum ‒ī n.: poison (1)

veniō venīre vēnī ventum: come (9)

ventus ‒ī m.: wind (1)

Venusia ‒ae f.: Venusia (town in southern Italy) (1)

verbum ‒ī n.: word (1)

vereor verērī veritus sum: fear, stand in awe of (2)

vērō: in fact, certainly, without doubt

versō ‒āre: come and go frequently, move, turn

vertō vertere vertī versum: turn (1)

vērus ‒a ‒um: true (1)

vīcēsimus ‒a ‒um: twentieth (1)

vīctor vīctōris m.: conqueror, victor

videō vidēre vīdī vīsum: see (6)

vidua ‒ae f.: widow, unmarried woman

vīgintī: twenty (1)

vincō vincere vīcī victum: conquer (1)

vir virī m.: man (5)

virtūs virtūtis f.: valor, manliness, virtue (3)

vīs, vīs f.: force; (acc.) vim (abl.), vī (pl.); vīrēs: strength (2)

vīsus vīsūs m.: sight, appearance, vision (1)

vīta vītae f.: life (1)

vītō ‒āre: avoid, shun (1)

vīvō vīvere vīxī vīctum: live (1)

vīvus ‒a ‒um: alive, living (2)

vix: scarcely (1)

volō velle voluī: wish, be willing (2)

Volsō Volsōnis m.: Volso (1)

volūmen volūminis n.: book, volume

voluntās voluntātis f.: wish, desire (1)

— Z —

Zama ‒ae f.: Zama (town southwest of Carthage) (2)

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