Abbreviations
ACTA |
Anti-counterfeiting Trade Agreement |
AMTC |
Affordable Medicines and Treatment Campaign |
ANVISA |
National Health Surveillance Agency (Brazil) |
API |
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient |
ARV |
Anti-retroviral |
BAPI |
Bangladesh Association of Pharmaceutical Industries |
BIISS |
Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies |
BIT |
Bilateral Investment Treaties |
CEO |
Chief Executive Officer |
CEWG |
Consultative Expert Working Group |
CIPIH |
Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health |
CMH |
Commission on Macroeconomics and Health |
DCC |
Drug Control Committee |
DCO |
Drugs (Control) Ordinance, 1982 |
DDA |
Directorate of Drug Administration |
DGDA |
Directorate General of Drug Administration |
DPDT |
Department of Patents, Designs and Trademarks |
DRA |
Drug Regulatory Authority |
DRR |
Drugs Registration Regulations |
EU |
European Union |
EVI |
Economic Vulnerability Index |
FDA |
Food and Drug Administration |
FDI |
Foreign Direct Investment |
FTA |
Free Trade Agreement |
GATT |
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades |
GDP |
Gross Domestic Product |
GMP |
Good Manufacturing Practice |
GNI |
Gross National Income |
GSK |
GlaxoSmithKline |
HAI |
Human Assets Index |
HDI |
Human Development Index |
HFA |
Hydro–Fluoro–Alkaline |
INPI |
National Institute for Industrial Property |
IP |
Intellectual Property |
IPC |
Intellectual Property Rights Committee |
IPR |
Intellectual Property Rights |
KEI |
Knowledge Ecology International |
LDC |
Least Developed Countries |
MCC |
Medicines Control Council |
MNC |
Multinational Corporation |
MNPC |
Multinational Pharmaceutical Company |
MPP |
Medicines Patent Pool |
MRDT |
Medical Research and Development Treaty |
MRP |
Maximum Retail Price |
MRSCA |
Medicines and Related Substances Control Act, 1997 (South Africa) |
NCE |
New Chemical Entity |
NDP |
National Drug Policy, 1982 (Bangladesh) |
NGO |
Non-governmental Organisation |
NHS |
National Health Strategy |
NME |
New Molecular Entity |
NRA |
National Regulatory Authority |
OSDD |
Open Source Drug Discovery Project |
PCT |
Patent Cooperation Treaty |
PDA |
Patents and Designs Act, 1911 (Bangladesh) |
PMPRB |
Patented Medicine Prices Review Board |
R&D |
Research and Development |
REPS |
Regulatory Enforcement Pyramid of Sanctions |
RRT |
Responsive Regulations Theory |
SDGs |
Sustainable Development Goals |
SFDA |
State Food and Drug Administration |
SIAPS |
Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services |
SIPO |
State Intellectual Property Office |
SME |
Small and Medium-sized Enterprise |
TAC |
Treatment Access Campaign |
TB |
Tuberculosis |
TIFA |
Trade and Investment Framework Agreement |
TPP |
Trans-Pacific Partnership |
TRIPS |
Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property |
UN |
United Nations |
UNAIDS |
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
UNCTAD |
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
UNICEF |
United Nations Children’s Fund |
US |
United States of America |
VAT |
Value-added Tax |
WHA |
World Health Assembly |
WHO |
World Health Organization |
WIPO |
World Intellectual Property Organization |
WTO |
World Trade Organization |