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Index

“4 R” framework 14, 43, 44, 237, 244

“5 Rs” 44

Abelson, Hal 17

Abramovich, S. 141

access to education 23, 67, 1124, 34, 3638, 40, 44, 56, 60, 62, 74, 7677, 84, 8789, 116117, 119124, 126, 128129, 138139, 155, 159167, 169, 171173, 180, 185, 188, 191194, 196197, 221223, 230, 232233, 235, 237238, 240241, 254, 259, 271272, 275, 282287, 290, 295296, 301, 304305, 308, 311, 317, 323327, 329332, 337. See also participation

Ackerman, J. D. 24

adoption of open education in institutions 34, 6, 1819, 73, 7577, 80, 82, 8789, 117, 122, 124130, 132, 162, 165166, 190191, 216, 223, 225, 317, 323, 332, 334. See also Open Educational Practice (OEP); Open Educational Resources (OERs)

aggregators 5256, 60, 6263, 69. See also iTunes U

ATOM 61

OAI-PMH 61

OER Commons 54, 6162, 63, 64, 224, 245

Solvonauts 54, 6162

Aksal, A. F. 160, 172, 173

Al-Diban, S. 266

Allen, I. E. 82

Allen, N. 76, 223

Almond, R. 273

Altbach, P. G. 1, 23

Altinay, Fahriye 5

Altinay, Zehra 5

Amara 100, 106

Amazon 152

Kindle 151152

Anchan, J. P. 1, 20, 21

Anderson, L. 262

Anderson, T. 259, 262

Angeletou, S. 273

Apple 55

Archibald, D. 272

Arden University 40

Argyris, C. 203

assessment 5, 7, 34, 54, 66, 77, 105, 137, 139142, 147148, 155, 189, 257263, 265270, 272275, 293, 302, 304306, 308309, 311314, 316318. See also item bank

credentialing 78, 118, 155, 156, 257, 259, 262, 273, 301, 310, 313

examination 8, 186, 301, 303308, 310318

Atenas, J. 244

Atkins, D. E. 232, 259, 282

AudioBoom 152

Australia 75, 116, 118124, 126127, 129, 132135, 324, 327329

A Fair Chance for All 119

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 119120

Australian Department of Education and Training 120

Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT) 126, 336

Feasibility Protocol 116, 126133

Australian National Data Service (ANDS) 123, 324

Australian Research Data Commons 123

Bradley Report, the 119

Keep It Clever 119

National Digital Learning Resource Network 324

Open Access and Licensing Framework 324

Western Australian Department of Education 124

Aydin, C. H. 171

Babson Research Group 223

Bangladesh 16

Barber, M. 161, 162

Barker, Phil 4, 51, 53, 6768

Barkhuizen, G. 104

Barnett, R. 23

Batson, T. 21

Beaven, T. 109

Beetham, H. 94, 322

Bekerman, Z. 97

Belshaw, John D. 6, 181, 195, 199

Benitez-Guerrero, E. I. 270

Benkler, Y. 35

Bennett, R. 273

Berdahl, R. O. 1, 23

Bibblio 152

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 239

Bing 67

Bixler, B. 141

Black, P. 273

Blessinger, Patrick 1, 11, 15, 2024, 199

Bliss, TJ 180

Bloom, B. 262

Bohm, D. 204

Bonk, C. J. 167, 270

Bossu, Carina 5, 116117, 124128, 132134, 322323, 326

Bourdieu, P. 24

Bourget, Alain 213, 214

Bradley, D. 119, 325

Braun, V. 105

Brint, S. 205

British Broadcasting Corporation, the (BBC) 56, 138

British Columbia 18, 79, 180181, 185

BCcampus 79, 180, 183, 187188, 190, 191, 195

Open Textbook Project (OTP) 45, 79, 98, 180181, 191, 192

Brown, Gordon 25

Brown, J. S. 259, 282

Brown, M. 116, 322, 323

Bucklow, C. 168

Budapest Open Access Initiative 283

Bull, D. 116, 322, 323

Burbules, N. C. 97

Burke, P. J. 1, 22, 23

Burrage, M. 1

Butcher, N. 117, 124, 165, 166, 326

Caird, S. 41

California 1718, 213, 225, 239

Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, California xii, xv, xvii, xix, xx, 213

Cámara de la Fuente, Lidia 4, 81, 93, 99, 101, 108

Camilleri, A. 302, 305, 311, 312, 314, 317

Campbell, Lorna M. 4, 51, 53, 67, 68

Canada 16, 79, 116, 123, 184, 323

Cannell, P. 37, 225

Carson, R. C. 270

Casper, Linda 239

Castaño Muñoz, J. 161, 162, 169

Caulfield, C. 194

Cech, E. A. 205

Chamorro-Premuzic, T. 270

Charleer, S. 141

Checkland, P. 32

Chen, Y. C. 164

Chesters, J. 118

Chiang, I-Chant 193

Chowdry, H. 36

Clarke, J. 105, 326

Clarke, V. 105

Clark, R. E. 140, 168

Clements, K. 225

Clinton, K. 272

closed-access text 210

closed education 4, 31, 3536, 46, 325, 339

Clow, D. 42

cMOOCs 4142. See also Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Codd, J. 119

Coffield, F. 97

Comas-Quinn, Anna 4, 81, 109

Commonwealth of Learning 166, 310

comScore Digital Analytix (DAX) 143

Conole, G. C. 19, 118, 327

Conrad, D. 259, 260, 262, 270, 302, 305, 308, 309, 312

content aggregation 61, 333

content dissemination 5, 5153, 55, 5960, 65, 163, 172173, 209, 235, 283, 326

Cormier, D. 166, 170

Coughlan, T. 45

Coursera 41, 244. See also Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Courtney, M. 164

Creative Commons (CC) 1, 11, 1718, 18, 31, 51, 55, 5859, 7476, 79, 81, 8586, 93, 124, 138, 149, 152, 154, 159, 167, 179180, 183185, 191, 221, 230, 245, 247, 273, 287, 301, 309, 311, 321, 332

Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC) 75, 124

Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) 124, 184185

credibility 6, 155, 199, 209212, 216

Creelman, A. 168

Cropley, A. J. 23

Crotty, J. M. 141

curriculum 24, 34, 3941, 97, 141, 147148, 170, 221222, 227, 230, 235, 237, 242, 253, 258260, 265, 271, 273, 337338

Curtin University, Perth, Australia xi

Daniel, J. 37, 41, 167

D’Antoni, Susan 122, 282

“Dark Reuse” 86. See also Wiley, Amy

Davis, B. 96, 102

Deimann, M. 282

Delaney, J. A. 20

De Lissovoy, N. 33

de los Arcos, Beatriz 4, 45, 80, 109, 165

DeMarte, D. 88

Devlin, M. 168

Dewey, J. 23, 118, 282

Dicheva, D. 52

Dichev, C. 52

digitization 5, 159161, 163, 165, 172

Donnelly, K. 161162

Downes, S. 166168, 170, 232

Du, J. 164, 165

Duncan, N. W. 204

Dutta, S. 285

Duval, E. 141

Dweck, C. 162

Early, S. 140

education policy 45, 3536, 73, 7677, 115118, 121126, 129, 131132, 172, 301, 312, 322326, 336, 339

EDUsummIT 266

Edwards, R. 164, 168

edX 41, 244. See also Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Ehlers, U. D. 19, 168

Eldred, Eric 17

eLearning 58, 6466, 82, 139, 154, 162, 165, 167, 230231, 264, 269, 270, 322, 336

eLearning resources 4, 12, 58, 5860, 6364, 6769, 75, 77, 82, 103, 111, 165

Eliot, T. S. 211

Engeström, Y. 96

Eseryel, D. 272

European Union (EU)

ARIADNE Foundation 68

European Commission 160162, 164, 166, 169, 172, 283284, 292, 305, 310

Horizon 2020 283

Excelsior College, Albany, New York xii, xv, 303, 306, 307, 310

Facebook 98100, 102105

Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research (FOSTER) 283

Faculti 152

Falconer, I. 94, 322

Fanfarelli, J. R. 141

Fan, X. 164, 165

Farnes, N. 37

Farrow, Rob 4, 80

Ferguson, R. 42

Ferrari, L. 305, 312, 314

Fiere, P. 207

Finkel, D. L. 207

Finland 7, 281, 283, 285291, 297299

Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture (EduMin) 285, 293

Open Science and Research Roadmap 2014-17 286, 295

OSR Initiative 288, 290, 293294

universities of applied sciences (UASs) 285286, 289297

FitzGibbon, J. 305, 310, 313

Flintoff, K. 273

Forkosh-Baruch, A. 273

Forsström, P-L. 285, 286

Fountain, W. 323

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) 322

Free Software Foundation 282

Freire, P. 33, 186187

Furnham, A. 270

FutureLearn 41. See also Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Gaebel, M. 163

Gaertner, M. N. 318

Gale, T. 326

Ganz, M. 41, 43

Gazi, Z. A. 160, 165, 173

Geiger, T. 285

Germany 43

Ge, X. 272

Gibbons, M. 291

Gibson, David 7, 140, 266, 272, 273

Giddons, A. 121

GitHub 59, 64

Glennie, J. 117

Global Positioning System (GPS) 233234

GNU’s Not Unix! operating system 282283

Google 54, 5859, 67, 68, 143, 152, 265, 271

Custom Search Engine API 58

Google Analytics 143

Gourley, B. 171

Graham, C. R. 270

Grant, S. 221, 273, 336

Grau-Valldosera, J. 38, 42

Green, Arthur G. 6, 36, 181, 195

Gruber, T. 273

Guba, E. G. 204

Gulati, S. 40

Gumport, P. J. 1, 23

Gunawardena, C. 34, 38

Gutmann, A. 119

Hagel, J. 263

Hager, P. 96, 106

Haggards, S. 167

Halavais, A. 141

Hall, Kellie 6, 202

Hammond, A. L. 193, 259, 282

Hamner, B. 266

Hanushek, E. 24

Harlen, W. 260

Harley, K. 117

Harmaakorpi, V. 292

Harris, P. 184

Hauck, M. 109

Havemann, L. 244

Hayes, D. J. 204

Haywood, J. 311

Heriot-Watt University ix

Hesse-Biber, S. N. 204

Hewitt, L. 37

Hickey, D. 140, 141

Hietanen, H. A. 273

Higashi, R. M. 141

Higher Education (HE) 57, 79, 87, 138, 145

Higher Education Institution (HEI) 40, 57, 281, 286, 289290, 293, 297, 302303, 306, 313

Higher Education Teaching and Learning Association (HETL) ix

Hilton, J. L. 24, 43, 84, 180

Hobbes, T. 325

Hodkinson, P. 96, 106

Hoffman, Mika 7, 307

Hoosen, S. 124, 326

Howard, K. 6, 140

Hsi, S. 225

HTML markup 68

Humboldt University of Berlin xi

Ifenthaler, Dirk 7, 261, 266, 272

Iiyoshi, T. 1

India 78, 118

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 6770

Intellectual Property (IP) 130

item bank 7, 257, 262

iTunes U 5455, 59, 74, 80, 85, 152

Ives, C. 116, 325

Jacobs, J. 156

Jaegers, S. S. 210

Jakl, P. 272

James, R. 117, 119, 120, 121, 260

Jay, Jordan 238

Jenkins, H. 141, 272

Jensen, K. 296

Jhangiani, Rajiv S. 6, 181, 195, 199

Jickling, B. 34

Johnson, L. 223, 225

Jordan, K. 41

Jurgenson, N. 36, 98

Kahle, D. 1314

Kahn, P. 33

Kanwar, A. 165

Keeling, R. P. 164

Kelly, A. P. 37, 42, 202

Kezar, A. 23

Khan Academy 8182

Kift, S. 326

Kiraly, D. 94, 95, 97

Klein-Collins, R. 304

Klerkx, J. 141

Knapper, C. K. 23

Knight, E. 273

Koch, James 208

Kovbasyuk, O. 1, 22, 23, 24

Kraan, W. 282

Krathwohl, D. 262

Krishnamurti 206207, 214

Kumar, M. S. V. 1, 21

Kuter, S. 173

Lahti University of Applied Sciences, Finland xvi, xviii, 7, 281, 291292

Laitinen, A. 304

Lane, Andy 34, 3538, 4041, 171, 327

Lanvin, B. 285

LaPointe, D. 34, 38

Latchem, C. 171

Lave, J. 22, 95, 100

Law, Patrina 5, 45, 56, 74, 139, 141, 144, 328, 337

Layng, K. 141

Learning Object Metadata (LOM) ix, x

Learning Resource Metadata Initiative 68

Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI) ix, x, 68

learning, types of

formal 45, 22, 24, 31, 35, 37, 4143, 45, 7778, 8081, 8487, 9395, 97, 102, 110111, 127, 137138, 140141, 144145, 147, 149, 153154, 156, 162, 170, 224, 260, 302

informal 45, 31, 35, 37, 43, 45, 7778, 8081, 85, 8788, 9395, 97, 101102, 110111, 127, 137140, 143, 145, 153155, 170, 224

non-formal 4, 24, 31, 35, 37, 40, 43, 45, 153154, 156, 162

Leavy, P. 204

Lessig, Lawrence 17

Leung, L. 213, 214

Lewis, T. 109, 221

Lincoln, Y. S. 204, 238, 333

Littlejohn, A. 63, 94, 322

Livingston, D. 97

Loeckx, J. 36, 42, 43

Lumen Learning 239240

Lund University, Sweden xv

Lynch, C. 22

Macintyre, R. 37

Mackintosh, W. 259, 308, 309

MacNeill, S. 282

Manninen, T. 270

Mapstone, S. 167

Margaryan, A. 63

Martínez-Arboleda, A. 110

Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 3, 17, 52, 54, 6162, 7475, 126, 180

MIT OpenCourseWare project (MIT OCW) 3, 17, 52, 54, 61, 7475, 180

MITx U.Lab 271

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) viii, 19, 24, 3132, 37, 4043, 45, 56, 62, 76, 139, 149, 149150, 154, 160161, 165167, 238, 244, 259, 264265, 271, 275, 305306, 315317, 330, 336

Coursera xi

Masters, A. 325

Matias, Audeliz 6

McAndrew, Patrick 4, 259, 323, 327

McClarty, K. N. 304, 318

McCowan, Tristan 22

McDaniel, R. 141

McEwen, M. 52

McGill, L. 94, 322

McGrath, O. 21

McGreal, R. 116, 259, 262, 302, 305, 308, 309, 312, 325

McKeachie, W. J. 207

McKerlich, R. 116, 325

Means, B. 210

Melin, G. 286, 289

Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York xiv

metadata 5155, 6162, 6370, 123, 145, 155, 225, 286

Miller, Howard 6

Mills, J. 203, 326

Minguillón, J. 38, 42

Minnesota, University of 18, 240

Mislevy, R. 273

Mitchell-Schuitevoerder, R. 95

Moedas, Carlos 284

Moodle 141142, 148, 152

Moore, A. 166

Murphy, A. 44, 45, 259, 308, 309, 323

Mutlu, M. E. 171

National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) 223

National Student Survey (UK) 39

Near East University viii

Nelson, K. 326

Newell, C. 38

Newmann, F. 272

New York University 25

Global Institute for Advanced Study 25

Global Citizenship Commission, the 25

Nkuyubwatsi, B. 36

Noonan, P. 119, 325

Northoff, G. 204

Nouira, C. 311

Nugent, H. 119, 325

Nunan, T. 36, 42

O’Hagan, M. 96, 100, 107, 109

Okanagan College, British Columbia xii

Olmsted, Ruth 7, 307

Olohan, M. 101

Olssen, M. 119

O’Neill, A. 119

online learning 58, 64, 65, 66, 139, 162, 165, 167, 264, 269, 322. See also eLearning

Open Access (OA) publishing 76, 165, 282, 283, 284, 287, 290, 295, 322, 327. See also Budapest Open Access Initiative; open textbooks

Open Access Journals xxii, 238

Open Access Week 337

Open Assessment Resources (OARs) 7, 257264, 264, 266275

Open Badges Infrastructure 152

open communities 4, 81, 93

TED Open Translation Project, the (TED OTP) 45, 81, 93, 98

Open Course Library (OCL) 78

Open Courseware Consortium (OCWC) 336

Open Courseware Initiative 337

Open Educational Practice (OEP) x, xxii, 5, 6, 8, 19, 116, 116118, 122, 123, 131, 159, 161, 321, 322, 322327, 323, 329331, 330, 333, 333335

Open Educational Resources (OERs) x, xiv, xvii, xxii, 14, 68, 1112, 14, 1721, 24, 3132, 3637, 4345, 5154, 5657, 5960, 6165, 67, 6870, 7391, 102, 117118, 122, 124128, 129, 131, 138141, 144, 148, 152153, 155158, 160168, 171172, 182186, 188190, 195197, 199202, 204205, 207211, 213216, 221236, 237242, 244245, 253255, 257262, 264, 266273, 275276, 282, 296299, 301302, 304317, 322323, 326327, 331334, 335336, 339341

OER Research Hub, the viii, xi, xiv, xvii, xix, 73, 76, 7677, 77, 7984, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 88, 8889, 89, 144

OER Active 8689

OER as Facilitator 86, 8889

OER Consumer 86, 8889

OER Research Hub survey 88

OERu partnership, the 19, 182, 195, 308, 333, 334, 335336, 339

UNESCO World Open Educational Resources Congress 238, 239

Open Educational Resource Universitas (OERu) 182

Open Educational Working Group, the 168

Open Education Consortium, the 74, 162, 166, 169

Open Education Resource (OER) users 4, 7, 14, 17, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 94, 108, 138, 163, 171, 237, 267, 268, 273, 284

active 73, 80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89

consumer 73, 80, 86, 87, 88, 89

facilitator 73, 80, 86, 88, 89

Open Education Week 147, 263

Open Science and Research Initiative 7, 281, 286287

Open Science and Research (OSR) 281, 283, 285286, 288, 290291, 293297

Open Source Initiative (OSI) 337, 339

Open Source Movement 282

open textbooks xiii, 1, 6, 18, 60, 75, 7981, 84, 86, 122, 125, 179196, 240, 322323, 331, 335336

adaptation 6, 17, 81, 8283, 86, 161, 166, 179, 181, 184, 187188, 190193, 195, 239, 275

collaboration 195196

collaborative 6, 179, 181, 188189, 193

compressed timeline 6, 179, 181

creation 6, 179, 181, 185, 188, 195

individual 6, 181

OpenStax College 18, 75, 79, 84, 180

OpenStax College at Rice University 18

Open Textbook Library, University of Minnesota 18

Open Textbook Network, University of Minnesota 18

traditional timeline 6, 179, 181

Open University (OU) viii, x, xi, xiii, xiv, xvii, xix, 5, 16, 3741, 56, 61, 64, 7476, 7880, 137139, 141145, 148149, 151152, 154155, 171

Badged Open Courses (BOCs) 5, 137, 139155

Journeys from Informal to Formal Learning (JIFL) 138, 144

OpenLearn 5, 54, 56, 64, 7475, 78, 80, 137139, 143152, 154

OpenLearn survey 139, 149, 150

OpenLearnWorks 64

Succeed with Learning 142, 143, 151

Open Works project management course 337

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 20, 35, 43, 282283, 285

Orion, N. 222

Orlic, Davor 7

Orr, D. 36, 43, 45, 322

Orrego Carmona, D. 95

O’Shea, T. 323

Ospina, Dana 6, 199, 202

Ossiannilsson, Ebba 5, 168, 170

Ostashewski, N. 273

Özkul, A. E. 171

Padgett, L. 323

Paharia, N. 21

Palfreyman, D. 1

Pappano, L. 259

paradata 68

Paris 18, 45, 127, 238239

participation 3, 5, 1115, 20, 22, 3336, 3940, 9397, 101102, 106, 115116, 121, 128, 131, 143, 150, 154, 171, 173, 200, 206, 260, 303, 315316, 316, 325, 335336. See also access to higher education; access to education

Participatory Action Research (PAR) 203, 206

Partridge, Helen 8, 125

Passeron, J. 24

Pawlyshyn, Nancy 239

Pearson Education 82

Peer to Peer University (P2PU) 79

Peltonen, Kati 7

Perryman, L. 45, 74, 87, 139, 144

Peter, S. 6, 199, 202, 282

Peters, O. 37, 42, 282

Phelan, L. 123

Picasso, V. 123

Pirnay-Dummer, P. 266

Pitman, T. 36

Pitt, Rebecca 4, 80

Ponti, M. 168

Porcello, D. 225

Powell, S. 167

PressBooks 183

Price, Paul C. 190

Prior Learning and Assessment Recognition (PLAR) 130

Prior Learning Assessment (PLA) 306, 312, 317

Punie, Y. 162, 169

Purushotma, R. 272

Puteh, M. 270

Queensland University of Technology (QUT) xvi

Reason, P. 203

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) 273, 306, 312, 317

Redecker, C. 169

repositories viii, x, 4, 45, 5164, 68, 69, 74, 79, 81, 87, 123, 180, 188190, 223, 226, 231, 235, 244, 258259, 267268, 283, 295, 336, 337

content-type-specific repositories 58

Flickr 5758

Github 59

Google Docs 59

Google Slides 59

OpenStax xvii, 18, 59, 75, 79, 84, 180

SlideShare 57, 59, 74

SoundCloud 59

Vimeo 57, 59, 65

Wikimedia Commons 59

YouTube 54, 5659, 6465, 74, 80, 82, 152153

ePrints 57, 337

general repositories

Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT), the 6061, 64, 79, 81, 224226, 231, 235

institutional repositories. See also MIT OpenCourseWare project (MIT OCW); OpenLearn; U-Now

Languages Open Resources Online (LORO) viii, x

subject specific repositories

CORE-Materials 57

Humbox 6263

Kritikos 53, 58, 64, 6970

Research and Development Initiative (RDI) 286, 290296

Research on Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D) 79

Riezvy, S. 161, 162

Rimini, M. 43, 322

risks of adopting an open education approach 60, 77, 147, 211214, 334

Risku, H. 95

Ritzer, G. 36, 98

Robertson, J. 66, 259

Robinson, T. J. 24

Robison, A. 272

Rohs, M. 41, 43

Rolfe, V. 69

Rossman, G. B. 204

RSS (Really Simple Syndication) 5455, 61, 151

Saito, M. 46

Saldana, J. 204

Samarawickrema, G. 168

Sangra, A. 161, 163, 172

Santos, J. 141, 162, 163, 169

Sass, M. 141

Saylor Academy 79, 190

scalability 7, 301

Scales, B. 119, 325

Scanlon, E. 323

Scharmer, O. 271

Schema.org 6870

Schimmel, B. J. 260

Schlemer, Lizabeth 6, 202

Schön, D. A. 203

Schumn, C. 141

Schuwer, R. 259

Schwab, K. 285

Schwartz, Peter 6, 202

science 6

access to 6, 221236

open science 7, 224, 281, 283288, 295, 297300

research 7

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) 6, 149, 221226

Scott, B. 130

Scribd 57

Seal, T. 87

Seaman 82, 223

Sen, A. 46

Senack, E. 122, 210

Sfard, A. 95

Shan, D. 167

Sheehan, N. T. 263

Shermis, M. D. 266

Siemens, G. 166, 167, 168

Silberman Keller, D. 97

Simmons, M. E. 222

Simpson, O. 38

Singer, M. 263

situated learning 4, 81, 93

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) 284, 307

social inclusion 5, 15, 98, 115116, 118122, 128, 131, 325

social justice 8, 16, 40, 121, 192, 237, 321322, 330331, 333

South Africa 16, 79, 86

Cape Town 44

Siyavula 79, 80, 84, 86

Spain 103

Spanish 102, 103, 107, 110

Global Spanish 107, 110

Peninsular Spanish 107

Spector, M. 266

Spreng, R. N. 204

Spring, J. 22, 24

Stabell, C. B. 263

Stacey, P. 139, 140

Stagg, Adrian 5, 8, 125, 323, 327

Stallman, Richard 282

Standard for Learning Object Metadata (LOM) 6769

Stangor, Charles 190

State University of New York (SUNY) 221, 226, 232

Biological Field Station, Oneonta 226

State University of New York (SUNY) Empire State College xiii, xix, xx

St John’s University, New York City ix

Sturtz, D. N. 273

Sugimoto, C. R. 98

Sumara, D. 96, 97, 102

Suoranta, J. 33

surveys 45, 78, 79, 82, 84, 88, 89, 99, 108, 126, 139, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 240, 285, 293

SurveyMonkey 143

Tait, A. 40

Tannhäuser, C. 302, 305, 311, 312, 314, 317

Tapper, T. 1

Tapscott, D. 94

Tarry, Hammond 193

Tayebinik, M. 270

Taylor, Jim 180, 337

teaching 2, 5, 13, 16, 1819, 34, 3740, 4344, 74, 80, 82, 84, 88, 9597, 103, 118, 121123, 125, 128132, 139, 152, 159, 161164, 168, 170, 172173, 179181, 184, 186188, 190, 192, 195196, 201202, 206208, 223, 225, 241, 253, 258259, 262263, 265266, 271, 275, 282, 290291, 295, 301, 303, 305, 322, 324, 326328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 337

TED xi, 45, 8182, 87, 9394, 97103, 107109

TEDGlobal 98

TED Translators 9394, 97103, 107109

Language Coordinators 100101

OTPedia 100, 103

TED Translators Learning Series 100

TESS-India 78

textbook development 6, 179180

Thelwall, M. 98

Thompson Rivers University ix, 182, 190

Thompson Rivers University - Open Learning (TRU-OL) 182

Tidewater Community College xx, 18, 88

Torbert, W. R. 203

Traina, I. 305, 312, 314

Trant, Jennifer 68

Trow, M. 1, 20

Tsai, C. C. 164

Tura, T. 292

Tynan, B. 323, 326

Udacity 41, 244. See also Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Udas, Ken 8, 199

United Kingdom 5, 16, 3740, 43, 5657, 74, 76, 88, 116, 123, 137138, 145, 147, 150151, 171, 302, 317, 323

Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) 74

Open Education Week 147

Project Co-PILOT (Community of Practice for Information Literacy Online Teaching) 79

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 16, 22

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) xv, 1618, 22, 25, 45, 160, 162163, 165166, 172, 238239, 266, 282

Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries, the 17

UNESCO World Open Educational Resources Congress 2012 238239

Universal Declaration on Democracy 25

United Nations (UN) 25, 33, 238, 282

Millennium Development Goals 15, 33

Sustainability Development Goals 46

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 25, 238

UN Millennium Development Goals initiative 15

United States of America 6, 1718, 23, 43, 6061, 7576, 78, 82, 88, 103, 116, 123, 155, 191, 194, 200, 205, 211, 223, 225, 230, 240, 302, 302304, 310, 315316, 333

Achieving the Dream 18

Affordable College Textbook Act (2015), the 240

Alliance for Excellent Education 263

American Council on Education (ACE) 315316

Bridge to Success 78

Carnegie credit hour 304

College Level Examination Program (CLEP) 303

Community College Consortium for OER (CCCOER) 78

DANTES Subject Standardized Tests (DSST) 303, 306

Department of Labor 76

Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training (TAACCCT) 76

Educause 263

Excelsior College 303, 306307, 310

Flipped Learning Network (FLN) 78, 80, 82, 85

G.I. Bill of 1944, the 23

Instructional Management Systems (IMS) 155

Open Badge Extensions for Education (OBEE) 155

Learning Registry 58, 6970

Morrill Act of 1862, the 23

National College Credit Recommendation Service (NCCRS) 315316

National Information Standards Organization (NISO) 66

OAI-PMH 61

UExcel examination program 303, 306

University of British Columbia xii

University of Edinburgh x

University of London 56

University of Nottingham 55, 6162

U-Now 5455, 61

University of Oxford 55, 63

Great Writers Inspire 55

OpenSpires 55, 63

Politics in Spires 63

World War I Centenary 55

University of Southampton 57

EdShare 57

University of Southern Queensland (USQ) xvi, xviii, 8, 125, 321323, 327339

University of Tasmania 125, 327, 336

Technology Enhanced Learning and Teaching White Paper 2014-18, the 125

University of Tasmania, Australia x

Upland Interpretive Center, Cooperstown, New York 226

US. See also Udacity

Uvalić-Trumbić, S. 165

Väänänen, Illka 7

Vanasupa, Linda 6, 202

Van Damme, D. 43, 322

Vandenberg, D. 22, 24

van Vught, F. 263

van Wyk, T. 117

Vavoula, G. 97

Vest, Charles 17

Vuorikari, R. 169

Wagner, S. U. 260

Wagner, W. 260

Waitinas, Catherine 6, 202

Wals, A. 34

Watson, L. 118

Webb, M. E. 266, 273

Weigel, M. 272

Weller, Martin 4, 41, 42, 45, 80, 161, 169170

Wenger, E. 22, 9596, 98, 100

Wenk, B. 327

West, Q. 296

Wette, R. 104

Wheeler, S. 170

Whiteley, D. 141

Whitley-Grassi, Nathan 6

Widanapathirana, C. 261

Wikimedia 59, 283

Wikipedia 79, 94, 315

Wikipedia Education Programme 94

Wild, J. 87

Wiley, Amy 6, 202. See also “Dark Reuse”

Wiley, David 14, 17, 24, 36, 44, 52, 75, 86, 87, 110, 190

Wilhelm, Deborah 6, 202

Wilhoite-Mathews, S. 164

Wiliam, D. 273

Willems, J. 323

William and Flora Hewlett Foundation ix, 2, 17, 1718, 18, 74, 76, 138, 165, 195, 239, 254, 259, 263

Williams, A. D. 94

Williams, L. 88

Willis, J. E. 140

Wilson, T. 259

Winn, J. 37

Witthaus, G. 259, 308309, 314

Woessmann, L. 24

Wood, L. N. 168

Woo, Kevin 6

Wordpress 183

Wright, C. 40, 201

Wu, M. 141

Wunsch-Vincent, S. 285

Xie, H. 273

xMOOCs 41. See also Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Xu, J. 164, 165

Yahoo! 67

Yandex 67

Yuan, L. 167, 282

Yu, P. 20