Abramtsevo circle 19, 20, 21, 32, 38, 72, 73, 197, 201, 203, 206
abstraction, abstract art 13, 32, 34, 46, 65, 66, 67, 109, 113, 129, 136, 142, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164. See also non-objective painting
Academic painting 17
Academy of Arts, Tiflis 236, 237
Adam (Bible) 103
AKhR (Association of Artists of the Revolution) 235, 236
AKhRR (The Association of Artists of
Revolutionary Russia) 235, 236
Aksakov family 72
Alchemy 82
Alexander III Museum 169
Department of Icon Painting (drevlekhranilishche) 169
Alexander II, Tsar 214
Alexis, Tsar 120
Altman, Nathan 12
ancient wisdom 84
Anisimov, Aleksandr 34, 166, 168, 169, 173, 174, 180, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 200
antique niche (antichnaia nisha) 116
antiquity 50, 55, 74, 139, 214
apocalypse 33, 111, 134, 149, 248
Apollo (Apollon) 195, 214, 220
archaeology 49, 55, 76, 169, 174, 192, 214, 219
Archipenko, Aleksandr 67
architecture 13, 19, 20, 27, 55, 72, 73, 141, 196, 197, 201, 203, 204, 208, 209, 211, 212, 254
Arctic Circle 227
Arens, Anna 218
Art Deco 242
‘art for art’s sake’ 129
‘artist as prophet’ 17, 31, 33
Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society 81
Arts and Crafts movement 20, 32, 70, 72, 73, 74, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88
Asiatic 28, 158, 159, 243, 262, 263
Association of Travelling Art Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki) 17, 49
astrology 84
avant-garde 10, 12, 21, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 62, 66, 70, 72, 87, 89, 110, 111, 115, 116, 117, 122, 123, 124, 125, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 152, 164, 195, 196, 198, 199, 208, 213, 218, 224, 228, 231, 235, 236, 237
azure tones in Symbolism 99, 244
Balkan Orthodox 120
Baratashvili, Nikoloz 243
Barshchevsky, Ivan 76
Belfast 81
Bell, Clive 198
Bely, Andrei 23
Benois, Alexandre 54, 55, 62, 93, 125, 126, 141, 195, 198, 199
Beria, Lavrenty 236
Berlin 24, 150, 152, 155, 156, 159, 173, 176, 183
Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, Aleksandr 243
biblical scenes 17
Bildung 100
black square, symbol 91, 111, 126, 128
blasphemy 146
Blavatsky, Madame Helena 23, 73, 76, 82, 83, 85
Blount, Godfrey 87
Blue Horns 36, 234, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244
Blue Rider, The (Der Blaue Reiter) 34, 153, 154
Blue Rose 18, 21, 23, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 104, 105, 109, 111, 244
Bogaevsky, Konstantin 60
Bogolyubski, Andrew (Andrei Bogoliubskii) 186
Bolsheviks 30, 173, 195, 202, 203, 213, 235, 236, 237
book binding 81
Borisov-Musatov, Viktor 21, 23, 58, 93, 94, 100, 106
Borkhardt, Sebastian 31, 34, 35
Britain 69, 80, 81, 82, 83, 176, 198, 213
British 12, 14, 34, 50, 72, 76, 88, 165, 177, 187, 199, 244
British Vorticist 34
Briullov, Karl 20
The Brazen Serpent 16
Burger, Fritz 34, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160
Burliuk, David 67
Byzantine 13, 14, 32, 40, 42, 44, 47, 49, 50, 55, 92, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 120, 121, 138, 144, 145, 165, 166, 168, 170, 174, 177, 178, 183, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 198, 199, 214, 216, 217, 220, 244, 246, 247, 259. See also Russo-Byzantine
Byzantine Renaissance 170, 177, 183, 220
Byzantine-Slav 117
Byzantium 13, 14, 20, 166, 169, 195, 196, 199, 216, 220
catechisms 13
Cathedral of Saint Vasily the Blessed, Saint Basil’s (Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat, Moscow) 204
Cathedral of St Sophia, Kviv 44
Cathedral of St Vladimir, Kyiv 37, 49, 50, 55
Cathedral of the Dormition, Moscow 150, 168
Catherine the Great 14
Central State Restoration Workshops, Moscow 184, 189
Cézanne, Paul 20, 46, 47, 48, 66, 92, 144, 218
Chavchavadze, Ilia 243
Chicago 10, 33, 83, 88, 155, 176
Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition 81, 83
Chirikov, Grigory 168, 169, 174, 184, 188, 189
Chistiakov, Pavel 40
Christ 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 60, 62, 73, 76, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 112, 117, 120, 200, 202, 260
ascension 105
birth 216
burial 105
death 105
His glory in Heaven 105
His Second Coming 105
resurrection 104, 105, 106, 107, 158
Christian 11, 18, 40, 49, 60, 62, 74, 76, 84, 85, 103, 117, 146, 191, 211, 214, 230, 239, 242, 247, 248, 260, 262, 263
Church 14, 17, 19, 20, 21, 26, 30, 37, 39, 43, 49, 50, 53, 54, 56, 66, 72, 75, 77, 78, 79, 94, 100, 107, 109, 112, 115, 121, 131, 132, 134, 139, 140, 173, 196, 197, 202, 203, 206, 208, 209, 211, 212, 224
Church of St Cyril 20, 37, 39, 43, 56, 66
Church of the Saviour Not Made by Human Hands, Abramtsevo 19
Church of the Spirit (Khram dukha), Flenovo 32, 76
Civil War (1917–22) 30, 35, 174, 175
clairvoyant 83
Classical 155
Classicism 125
cleaning of icons 169, 182, 183, 184, 186, 189, 217, 218. See also conservation, restoration
Coates, Dr James 83
Committee for the Guardianship of Russian Icon Painting 166
Communist 228
conservation 27, 33, 34, 130, 141, 174, 183. See also cleaning of icons, restoration
Constantinople 14, 40, 174, 183, 186, 214, 216
Constructivism 161
counter-relief 161
Crane, Charles R. 85, 165, 166, 176, 246
Crete 169
cross 35, 52, 72, 99, 104, 105, 110, 111, 149, 202, 203
cross-cultural exchange 35, 72
Darejan, Nestan 255, 257, 258, 259
decadence 178
Decadent movement 240
Decree on Religious Tolerance, 1905 139
‘Degenerate Art’ (Entartete Kunst) exhibition 150, 163
Degen, Iuri 235
Delovoi Dvor, Moscow 169
Denis, Maurice 92, 93, 99, 100, 106, 107, 112
The Offertory at Calvary 107
The Story of Psyche 92
Diaghilev, Sergei 93, 94, 112, 137, 141, 200, 244
Saisons Russes 137
‘World of Art’ (Mir iskusstva) group 24, 60, 93, 94, 112, 244
Didron, Adolphe 42
Dilthey, Wilhelm 122
divine knowledge 83
Dobychina Gallery 91
Dostoevsky, Fyodor 18, 24, 160, 164, 176, 218
drawing 27, 32, 38, 44, 50, 52, 58, 109, 144, 152, 180, 186, 198, 206, 211, 225, 253, 260
Durand, Paul 42
dvoeverie belief system 84
dyeing 80
Eastern 28, 74, 104, 112, 145, 160, 188, 197, 202, 211, 234, 237
Eastern Orthodoxy 92, 100, 111, 112, 146
east, the 11, 27, 28, 74, 152, 156, 159, 160, 161, 216
Ecclesiastic Orthodoxy 32
Ekster, Aleksandra 67
embroideries 27, 80, 81, 82, 198, 206
emigration 31, 35, 81, 177, 192, 196, 198, 201, 202, 203, 206
émigré 28, 31, 70, 165, 186, 188, 189, 191, 200
Empress Elizabeth 14
enamels 146
English 10, 23, 42, 70, 85, 86, 87, 89, 141, 150, 155, 160, 165, 166, 175, 176, 177, 180, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 200, 222, 237, 244, 246
en plein air 16
ependysis (adornment) 116
Epimanikia 111
esotericism 24, 32, 36, 69, 83
Eucharist 105
Europe 14, 16, 21, 23, 27, 35, 44, 48, 58, 73, 74, 76, 81, 82, 120, 123, 131, 133, 139, 144, 147, 153, 156, 158, 160, 161, 176, 178, 180, 186, 188, 189, 192, 198, 199, 217, 218, 220, 229, 234, 235, 237, 240, 241, 246, 255
European Symbolism 21, 99, 240, 241, 246, 255
Eve (Bible) 103
Exhibition of Old Russian Art (1913) 26, 130, 141, 206, 216, 218
exhibitions 10, 11, 12, 18, 23, 26, 28, 33, 48, 58, 60, 70, 76, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89, 92, 94, 95, 96, 99, 104, 105, 109, 111, 124, 126, 128, 130, 136, 139, 141, 147, 150, 152, 163, 169, 170, 189, 198, 199, 206, 216, 236, 237
Expressionism 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 161
in France 159
Fabergé 82
Far East 74
Fechter, Paul 34, 153, 154, 155, 156
feminine 87, 94, 99, 106, 109, 243, 248, 254, 255, 258
Ferapontov Monastery 169, 170, 197, 203, 209
Filonov, Pavel 38
fin de siècle 23, 27, 32, 72, 81
Florensky, Pavel 23, 30, 122, 123, 124, 125, 225
The Iconostasis 123
folk art 14, 19, 73, 84, 88, 146
formalist modernism 9
form will (Formwille) 155
fortune telling 84
Fra Angelico 17
frame 12, 49, 99, 116, 123, 126, 128, 250
‘framing’ effect 128
France 35, 112, 155, 160, 176, 199, 213, 240
French 48, 92, 93, 103, 124, 142, 144, 159, 175, 176, 180, 190, 206
French painting 92
frescoes 12, 20, 21, 26, 31, 32, 35, 37, 40, 42, 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 56, 62, 66, 76, 80, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 134, 136, 141, 146, 169, 170, 173, 183, 189, 204, 220, 222, 225, 236, 246, 259
Friedrich, Caspar David 11, 16, 18
Futurism 128, 130, 147, 154, 213, 227, 235, 238
Futurist 33, 126, 134, 137, 138, 144, 145, 213, 222, 240
Gabo, Naum 47
Garden of Eden 104
Gauguin, Paul 102, 103, 112, 133
Christ in the Garden of Olives 102, 103
Jug in the Form of a Head. Self-Portrait 102
Self-Portrait with ‘The Yellow Christ’ 102
Vision After the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling the Angel) 103
Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane 60
Georgia 23, 36, 40, 229, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 246, 248, 250, 251, 254, 255, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264
Georgian culture 234, 235, 242, 258, 259, 262, 263
Georgievsky, Vladimir 168, 170, 183, 184
German 17, 34, 35, 66, 100, 122, 129, 141, 147, 149, 150, 152, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 175
German art 123, 150, 153, 155, 156, 158
German Empire 155
‘Germanness’ 154
Germany 16, 34, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 213, 240
Gippius, Zinaida 67
Golden Fleece, The (Zolotoe runo) 92, 96
Goncharova, Natalia 10, 13, 18, 28, 30, 33, 38, 67, 89, 91, 112, 124, 130, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 199, 200, 216, 217, 218
Madonna with Child 146
Gorodetsky, Sergei 235
Grabar, Igor 170, 173, 174, 176, 177, 180, 183, 186, 187, 189, 217
Great Moscow Council of the Church 120
Great Terror 241
Greek 42, 82, 113, 116, 118, 139, 178, 183, 188, 214, 240, 241, 254
Grishchenko, Aleksei 28, 124, 199
Gudiashvili, Lado 36, 231, 232, 234, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246, 247, 262
Buffalo Tandem 246
Dreamers of Ortachala 244
Green Nymphs 246
Green Woman (Spring) 242
In the Waves of Tskhenistsqali 242, 246
Virgin in the Mountains 242
Gurianov, Vasily 26
Hamburg 152
hand-made books 33, 134, 136, 137, 138
Hausenstein, Wilhelm 152, 153, 154, 160
Hellenic culture 170
Hinton, Charles Howard 24
Holy Land 16
Holy Russia, Great Spatial Icon 120
Holy Spirit 26, 44, 75, 77, 78, 79, 93
Holy Synod 17, 18, 49, 139, 146
Home Arts and Industries 89
Hulme, T. E. 198
Hunt, William Holman 16
Hypakoje of the Byzantine Resurrection Matins 107
hypostasy 111
Iakunchikova, Maria Vasilevna 21
Iaremich, Stepan 37, 39, 40, 44, 47, 58
icons
iconostasis 20, 54, 73, 195, 202, 208, 211
icon painting 10, 14, 20, 26, 28, 31, 35, 36, 42, 120, 121, 124, 125, 130, 140, 145, 147, 150, 164, 165, 166, 169, 178, 180, 186, 192, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200, 211, 218, 220, 222
icon patterns (podlinniki) 28, 124, 136
ikonniki 26
Ilia Ostroukhov Museum 124
Imperial Academy of Arts 14, 19, 40, 42, 49, 50, 56, 70, 110, 133, 148, 188, 196, 214, 224, 225, 236, 237
Museum of Early Russian Art 40
Imperial Russia 16, 26, 70, 120, 165, 166, 168, 197, 227, 234
Imperial Society of Lovers of Ancient Letters 168
Impressionism 48, 94, 95, 96, 112, 199
India 24
Ireland 81
Islam 242
Italo-Cretan 168, 170, 177, 186
Italy 44, 122, 168, 169, 170, 174, 178, 183, 187, 188, 219, 240, 242
Ivanov, Aleksandr 13, 15, 16, 17
The Appearance of Christ to the People 15, 16, 17
Japaridze, Uche 36, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263
Friends of Youth 260
Game 250
Margarita Sleeping 251, 252, 262
Mother — Native Regions 258, 259, 260
Mother’s Contemplation 258, 259, 260
Nestan in Black 255
Nikortsminda 250
Single Combat 250
Still-life With a Bird and a Dish 250
Visiting the Tea Grower 262
Waiting 250
Jinarājadasā, C. 89
Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) 224
Judaism 12
Judge, William 82
Kabbalism 82
Kali, goddess 76
Kamensky, Vasily 235
Kandinsky, Vasily 1, 3, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 24, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 38, 67, 80, 83, 89, 124, 129, 134, 141, 145, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 177, 268, 269, 276, 277, 278, 280, 284, 286, 287, 288
Klänge (Sounds) 158
Last Judgment 150
On the Spiritual in Art (Über das Geistige in der Kunst) 1, 10, 11, 34, 149, 150, 162
Karsavin, Lev 227
Khlebnikov, Velimir 130, 134, 138, 144
Kholui 166
Khrushchev, Nikita 230
Kirillov 197
Komarovsky, Vladimir 202
Kondakov, Nikodim 26, 34, 35, 40, 55, 140, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 200, 214
The Russian Icon 26, 34, 38, 124, 130, 165, 166, 167, 170, 177, 178, 179, 180, 183, 184, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 200
Korovin, Konstantin 201
Christ in the Wilderness 49, 60
Kruchenykh, Aleksei 126, 129, 130, 134, 138, 144, 235
The Storm (Der Sturm) 152
Kulbin, Nikolai 141
kustar industries 70, 73, 82, 190, 206
Kustodiev, Boris 71, 196, 197, 201
Kuzmin, Mikhail 67
Kuznetsov, Pavel 21, 94, 100, 104
Kyiv (Kiev) 14, 18, 20, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 66, 92, 93, 110, 111, 177, 204
lace 87
landscape 18, 21, 60, 99, 244, 260
Larionov, Mikhail 13, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 66, 124, 130, 134, 136, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146
Last Futurist Exhibition of Painting 0.10 (‘Zero-Ten’) 33, 109, 127, 128
Leadbetter, Charles William 83, 89
Le Dantu, Mikhail Vasilevich 146
Leningrad 38, 40, 42, 60, 110, 224, 225, 227
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 182, 239
Lermontov, Mikhail 18, 60, 243, 248
Levitan, Isaak 18
Above Eternal Peace 18
Evening Bells 18
Likhachev, Dmitry 134, 141, 169, 170, 172, 176, 178, 180, 181, 182, 184, 187, 188, 214, 219
Lipps, Theodor 122
Losenko, Anton 14
The Miraculous Catch 14
Louis XIV, King 93
lubok, lubki 28, 33, 124, 125, 130, 134, 136, 137, 138, 146, 206
‘First Lubok Exhibition’ 136
Lubyanka, the 225
Maiakovsky, Vladimir 136
Makovsky, Sergei 96, 100, 198, 199
Malevich, Kazimir 10, 13, 14, 24, 31, 32, 33, 38, 49, 67, 70, 73, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 116, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 130, 136, 145, 146, 161, 218, 227
Black Square (Quadrilateral) 33, 91, 119, 125, 126, 128, 227
Landscape with Yellow House 95
Maternity 109
Motherhood/Abundance 109
Peasant Women in Church 104, 105
Prayer or Melancholia 107
Self-Portrait Against a Background of Red Bathers 103
The Triumph of the Heavens 99
Untitled 99
‘Yellow Series’ 96
Maliutin, Sergei 76, 77, 80, 201, 204, 206
Mamontova, Elizaveta 72
manuscripts 27, 33, 40, 130, 137, 138, 165, 168, 174, 175, 177, 180, 182, 184, 186, 197, 203, 206, 213
Marc, Franz 12, 17, 154, 159, 203
Mary and Joseph 106
Mary and Martha 106
Matisse, Henri 28, 92, 124, 129, 141, 142, 144, 159, 160, 198, 208, 212
The Dessert: Harmony in Red 208
Matiushin, Mikhail 13, 14, 126, 136, 148
medieval aesthetics 115
Middle Ages 49, 120, 156, 158, 159, 199
Middle East 44
Minns, Ellis 34, 35, 165, 166, 174, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192
Mirskontsa (World Backwards) 144
mission 85, 87, 95, 100, 110, 117
modelling 20, 27, 42, 48, 63, 208
Modigliani, Amadeo 242
Monastery of St Mikhail 44
monk, monastic 42, 100, 111, 220
Morgunov, Aleksei 146
Morris, William 81, 83, 85, 186
mosaics 19, 20, 31, 32, 40, 42, 44, 47, 52, 56, 63, 76, 183, 204, 214, 258
Moscow 37, 38, 39, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76, 80, 85, 93, 94, 95, 99, 100, 103, 104, 110, 111, 124, 126, 128, 130, 134, 136, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 150, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 174, 180, 182, 183, 184, 186, 189, 190, 199, 201, 204, 206, 208, 211, 213, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 227, 230, 235, 236, 237, 238, 241, 242, 248, 258
Moscow Archaeological Society 74
Moscow Imperial Archaeological Institute 130
Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture 94, 136
Mother Georgia (kartlis deda) 258
motherhood, birth 21, 109, 258, 260
Mother of God icons 21, 30, 168, 181
Bogoliubov Mother of God icon 173, 184
Kazan Mother of God icon 21
Maksimov Mother of God icon 173
Vladimir Mother of God icon 30, 168, 173, 183, 184, 185, 186, 189, 191, 200
Mother of the Homeland (rodina-mat’) 258
Mother of the World 76
multi-dimensional universe 117
Munich 70, 149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 158, 162, 163, 176
mural painting 27, 55, 92, 95, 110, 112, 244, 246
Murashko School 42
Muratov, Pavel 34, 47, 62, 122, 130, 133, 169, 170, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 182, 183, 188, 189, 190, 217, 219
museum 11, 26, 30, 40, 170, 182, 213, 217, 230, 281
mystical, mysticism 13, 23, 24, 34, 36, 38, 70, 95, 99, 112, 117, 126, 153, 160, 177, 221, 229, 239, 242, 243, 248, 258, 263
myth, mythological 14, 32, 56, 73, 84, 229, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 246, 248, 254, 255, 258, 263
Nabis 93
Narkompros (The People’s Commissariat of Education) 36, 174, 222
national
national identity 34, 90, 133, 145, 244
national revival 21
‘national school’ 18
National Art Museum of Ukraine 18
Nazarenes 17
‘theory of empathy’ 121
neo-national movement 32, 70, 72, 73, 80
Neoprimitivism 28, 33, 91, 96, 104, 109, 112, 113, 124, 134, 136, 137, 143, 144, 145, 146, 199
neo-Russian style 197, 198, 201, 203, 204, 208, 209, 211, 212
Nesterov, Mikhail 21, 22, 48, 49, 51, 54, 146, 259, 260
Virgin Mary with Christ Child 49
Vision of the Youth Bartholomew, The 21, 22
Newmarch, Rosa 50
New York 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 23, 33, 47, 50, 60, 66, 70, 81, 84, 86, 112, 123, 129, 142, 155, 187, 197, 199, 203, 230, 237, 259
Nicholas II, Tsar 130, 139, 168
Nietzschean 53
Nikon, Patriarch 120, 121, 131, 147
non-objective painting 13, 24, 91, 94. See also abstraction, abstract art
Nordic 158
‘northern’ or ‘Germanic’ culture 34, 155
Novgorod 20, 27, 72, 141, 146, 169, 170, 177, 178, 183, 189, 190, 196, 208, 214
Novgorod icon 178
October Manifesto, 1905 139
oklad 26, 143, 144, 222. See also riza, rizy
Olcott, Henry 82
Old Belief 31, 33, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148
Old Russian (drevnerusskii) 26, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 139, 141, 142, 144, 146, 176, 189, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 206, 208, 212, 214, 217, 218, 219
Orbeliani, Grigol 243
Oreshnikov, Aleksei 180
Oriental 10, 24, 83, 156, 158, 159, 161, 243
ornament 51, 74, 85, 116, 146, 204, 206, 208
Orthodox 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 48, 49, 52, 54, 72, 80, 84, 91, 92, 93, 99, 100, 104, 105, 107, 111, 112, 120, 121, 133, 173, 182, 192, 195, 196, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209, 211, 212, 219, 220, 230, 244, 246, 259
Orthodox Church 14, 17, 19, 20, 21, 26, 30, 49, 112, 121, 133, 173, 196, 203, 208, 211, 212
Orthodoxy 10, 14, 18, 20, 23, 28, 32, 33, 38, 70, 72, 91, 92, 100, 103, 111, 112, 133, 168, 173, 180, 191, 195, 225
‘Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality’ (‘Pravoslavie, Samoderzhavie, Narodnost′’), state policy of 20, 133
Ostroukhov, Ilia 26, 139, 141, 170, 188, 202, 217, 220
Ouspensky, Petr 24, 83, 84, 89, 189
The Symbolism of the Tarot: The Philosophy of the Occult in Pictures and Numbers 83, 84
pagan 32, 70, 74, 83, 84, 85, 87, 242, 243, 255, 259, 262, 263
Palestine 16
Panofsky, Erwin 123
‘Perspective as a Symbolical Form’ 123
Panselinos, Manuel 40
pantheistic 84
Pantocrator or Christ the Priest, iconographic type 103
Paris 21, 31, 35, 42, 58, 60, 76, 80, 93, 99, 102, 125, 137, 141, 142, 170, 173, 176, 186, 189, 195, 196, 197, 201, 238, 242, 262
Paschal season, Easter 17, 96, 100, 104, 105, 106, 107, 112, 158
Paschal Stichera 107
Peasant Arts Society 87
Pechstein, Max 154
Perov, Vasily 17
The Village Religious Procession at Easter 17
Pertsov, N. P. 204
Peter the Great 14, 26, 93, 133, 144, 147, 176, 182, 196
Petrograd 36, 91, 126, 141, 165, 180, 217, 220, 221, 222
Petrov-Vodkin, Kuzma 21, 246, 247
Bathing of a Red Horse 246
photography 40, 44, 80, 82, 83, 143, 183, 184, 185, 187, 189, 191, 203, 206, 262
Picasso, Pablo 48, 133, 142, 144, 198, 200, 218
Pietà 109
Michelangelo’s Pietà 260
Pogosskaia, Aleksandra 32, 70, 72, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90
Pogosskaia, Anna 80
Pogosskaia, Helena 82
Pogosskaia, Logan 82
poker work (‘pyrography’) 81
Polynesian 133
Polytechnic Museum 134
Pontius Pilate 18
Popova, Liubov 66
positivism 94
Post-Impressionism 94, 198, 199, 208
post-War 231, 234, 236, 261, 263
Prague 74, 165, 166, 167, 173, 176, 177, 180, 183, 186, 189, 190, 191, 192, 200, 203
Prakhov, Adrian 40, 44, 49, 51, 55, 66
pre-Petrine era 130, 134, 140, 144, 145, 198, 201
Pre-Raphaelite 16, 244, 246, 254, 260
primitive 27, 28, 48, 123, 124, 133, 138, 142, 146, 187, 192, 199
Primitivist 123
Protestantism 130
pseudo-pointillist technique 95
Punin, Irina 213, 220, 224, 227
Punin, Nikolai 30, 35, 36, 37, 122, 130, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 227, 228
Pushkin, Aleksandr 48, 190, 218, 243
Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre 93, 112
quest 17, 70, 82, 96, 111, 117, 126, 133, 142
Rayism 24
Rayonism 66
realism 13, 16, 17, 18, 21, 36, 47, 49, 50, 125, 187, 224, 225, 227, 229, 230, 231, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 244, 250, 251, 262, 263
realistic 16, 20, 73, 124, 142
Renaissance art 27, 115, 116, 117, 120, 122, 125, 147, 174, 187, 214, 218, 224
restoration 26, 30, 37, 40, 42, 44, 48, 56, 87, 92, 93, 121, 133, 145, 185, 188, 200, 217. See also cleaning of icons, conservation
revelation 28, 35, 92, 100, 105, 125, 126, 164, 183, 191, 206, 218
reverse perspective, theory of 123
Revolution 30, 35, 112, 177, 178, 202, 203, 221
Revolution of 1917 30, 35, 111, 221
Riabushinsky, Stepan 26, 142, 178, 189, 204, 220
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai 136
The Golden Cockerel 136
rituals 13, 24, 30, 36, 85, 94, 96, 100, 104, 109, 113, 115, 120, 121, 230, 251, 259, 262
ritual cloths 85
riza, rizy 180, 182. See also oklad
Rodchenko, Aleksandr 66
Roerich, Nicholas 21, 24, 25, 30, 32, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 83, 90, 199, 201, 204, 208, 209, 211
The Call of the Bells 25
‘The Queen of Heaven at the River of Life’ (‘Tsaritsa nebesnaia na beregu reki Zhizni’) 76, 77
Romanov dynasty, 300th anniversary of 130, 216
Romantic 11, 17, 100, 121, 122, 239, 243, 254, 255, 262, 263
Rosicrucianism 82
Rostov 197
Rovinsky, Dmitry 140
Rubens, Peter Paul 14
Rublev, Andrei 26, 29, 139, 183, 184, 187, 211, 216, 217, 220, 221, 224, 227
Trinity 26, 29, 30, 139, 183, 184, 187, 216, 221, 224, 227
run-of-the-mill (remeslennyi) icons 169
Ruskinian 82
Russia
Russian Cottage Industries, New York 81
Russian Formalism 123
Russian Icon (Russkaia ikona) 219
Russian modernism 9, 10, 12, 21, 24, 31, 32, 35, 92, 110, 133
‘Russianness’ 177
Russian Orthodox Church 14, 19, 120, 121, 195, 224
Russian Orthodoxy 10, 38, 72, 173, 225
Russian Peasant Industries 81, 82, 88
Russian Renaissance 216
Russian ‘soul’ 13, 152, 153, 178
Russia’s Morning (Utro Rossii) 142
Russo-Byzantine 38, 47, 49, 50, 55, 56, 66, 67, 92, 113, 183. See also Byzantine
Rustaveli, Shota 240, 255, 258
Knight in the Panther’s Skin 255
Saint-Serge Theological Institute, Paris 35, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209, 211, 212
Saint Sophia Cathedral 204
SARMA (Georgian Association of Revolutionary Artists) 235, 236
Savitsky, Ivan 190
Schopenhauer, intuition 121, 122
Scriabin, Aleksandr 23
stone sculptures 144
Second Congress of Russian Artists 141
Second Post-Impressionist Exhibition 198, 199, 208
Second World War 80, 222, 224, 230, 259
Seminarium Kondakovianum 166, 167, 177, 180, 187, 189, 192, 200
Serov, Valentin 246
Sevastianov, Petr 40
Shakhovskaia, Princess Maria N. 81
Shamanism 12
Shchukin, Sergei 48, 92, 142, 208
Shchusev, Aleksei 201, 202, 204
Shekhtel, Fedor 204
Shevchenko, Aleksandr 27, 28, 130, 137, 199
Shishkin, Ivan 18
In the Wilds of the North (after Lermontov) 18
Shiva, god 76
Silver Age 10, 17, 23, 24, 69, 82, 89
Sistine Chapel 46
Slavic 26, 72, 85, 113, 160, 161, 166, 176, 203
socialism 13, 36, 83, 85, 87, 88, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 250, 251, 262, 263
socialist realism 13, 36, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 250, 251, 262, 263
Society for the Encouragement of the Arts 17
Society in Aid of Manual Labour
Solovev, Vladimir 23, 238, 244
Spiritual Foundations of Life (Dukhovnye osnovy zhizni) 23
Solovki labour camp 225
Somov, Konstantin 93
Sophiology 23
sorcery 84
‘southern’ or ‘Romanic’ culture 155
Soviet Union 13, 30, 31, 69, 182, 187, 188, 195, 229, 230, 236, 237, 239, 263
Soviet 13, 26, 28, 30, 31, 34, 36, 69, 70, 73, 82, 88, 165, 166, 173, 182, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 222, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 250, 251, 255, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263
Soviet Georgia 23, 36, 229, 231, 236, 237, 239, 259, 263
‘spinning Virgin’ iconographic type 40
spiritualism 83
Stalin, Josef 227, 229, 230, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 259, 263
Stalinist 36, 110, 237, 238, 251
State Hermitage Museum 40, 48, 208
State Russian Museum 11, 14, 16, 18, 23, 28, 48, 63, 64, 65, 66, 94, 95, 99, 102, 107, 126, 146, 211
State University in St Petersburg 214
St Cyril monastery 93
Steele, Robert 186
Steiner, Rudolph 85
Stelletsky, Dmitry 31, 35, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212
St Genevieve cycle 93
St Isaacs Cathedral 20
St Petersburg 11, 13, 14, 18, 20, 23, 36, 38, 40, 42, 48, 49, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 76, 84, 85, 87, 94, 95, 99, 126, 131, 134, 138, 141, 144, 146, 148, 166, 168, 169, 170, 174, 180, 182, 188, 196, 197, 200, 208, 211, 213, 214, 218, 219, 222, 231, 240, 243
Strauss, David Friedrich 16
Life of Jesus 16
Stray Dog cabaret 243
St Sophia Church 40
Stupples, Peter 72
St Vladimir Cathedral 20, 37, 51, 53, 54
stylisation 20, 44, 144, 208, 244, 247
Sudeikin, Sergei 100, 235, 243, 262
Supranaturalism 100, 109, 110, 113
Suprematism 24, 32, 33, 91, 100, 109, 110, 112, 113, 122, 126, 128, 161
Suprematist 52, 91, 111, 112, 125, 128, 161
Svedomsky, Alexander 51
Svedomsky, Pavel 51
Sviatopolk-Chetvertinskaia, Princess 73
Symbolism 21, 23, 24, 56, 62, 70, 83, 84, 91, 93, 96, 100, 103, 104, 110, 112, 113, 235, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243, 247, 254, 255
in Russia 21, 23, 62, 93, 94, 100, 269, 276
Symbolists 18, 21, 23, 24, 31, 32, 36, 54, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 100, 103, 104, 109, 111, 113, 116, 129, 229, 231, 234, 238, 239, 240, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 254, 255, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 268
in Russia 23, 32, 92, 109, 238, 243, 244, 246, 276, 281
symbol, sign 27, 28, 30, 33, 52, 60, 67, 73, 74, 84, 85, 99, 104, 105, 111, 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 139, 190, 192, 238, 239, 240, 251, 255, 259, 260
synaesthesia 24
Tabidze, Galaktion 240, 241, 242, 244, 246, 254
Tabidze, Titsian 240, 241, 242, 244, 246, 254
Talashkino colony 21, 32, 38, 70, 73, 74, 76, 80, 81, 196, 197, 198, 201, 204, 206
Tamar, Queen of Georgia 254, 255, 258
Target exhibition (Mishen’) 28, 124
Tatlin, Vladimir 66, 91, 136, 161, 162, 213, 218, 219, 222, 223
Tbilisi 230, 231, 232, 235, 236, 245, 255, 258
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich 258
Swan Lake 258
Tenisheva, Princess Maria 32, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 80, 196, 197, 206
Enamel and Inlaid Work (Emal′ i inkrustatsiia) 74
Terentev, Igor 235
Tereshchenko, Mikhail 170
texture (faktura) 99, 138, 217, 222
theatre design 19
The International Fellowship of Workers
The International Union of Arts and Crafts
Theosophy 10, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 32, 33, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 117, 126
Theosophical Society 23, 32, 69, 76, 80, 82, 83, 85, 89
Tibet 24
Tiflis 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242
Tolstoy, Leo 18, 24, 62, 160, 176, 243
Tradigo, Alfredo 211
transcendental 33, 34, 38, 85, 116, 117, 125, 126, 155, 156, 248
translatio imperii (translation of rule) 120
Tretyakov Gallery 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 29, 45, 46, 57, 58, 59, 61, 103, 109, 128, 136, 139, 146, 188, 200, 202, 204, 217, 244, 258
Trinity Cathedral 204, 208, 211
Triodion (Lenten and Paschal hymns) 104
Trisagion (thrive-holy hymn) 105
Tsarina’s Golden Chamber 203, 204
Twelfth Exhibition of the Moscow Association of Artists 100
Twentieth Party Congress 227
Ukraine 18, 20, 94, 103, 110, 204, 230, 238
umilenie (‘tenderness’) icons 168, 180
universalism 70, 83, 87, 89, 100
unorthodox 67
UNOVIS (Utverditeli novogo iskusstva, ‘Champions of the New Art’) 100, 111, 113
Ural Mountains 131
The Dream 244
Vasnetsov, Viktor 19, 20, 38, 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 146, 147, 197, 201, 204, 206
Vejdle, Vladimir 186
Victory over the Sun (Pobeda nad solntsem) 126
Village Prose movement 231, 263
Virgin, the 40, 41, 42, 49, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58, 147, 187, 203, 211, 216, 218, 227, 242
visionary 38, 62, 67, 89, 90, 110
‘priest’ of art 110
visionary modernism 38
Vladimir I of Kyiv, Grand Prince 14
Volkonsky, Sergei 141
von Sydow, Eckhart 159, 160, 161
Vrubel, Mikhail 20, 21, 28, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 92, 93, 95, 146, 201, 211, 248, 254, 255, 257, 258, 268
Angel 58
Angels’ Lamentation 37, 39, 42
Angel with a Sword 62
Demon Cast Down 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 248
Demon Seated 20, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 52, 60, 63
Descent of the Holy Ghost (Pentecost) 42, 44
Head of John the Baptist 62, 63
Head of the Prophet 62
Lilacs 37
Pan 37
Portrait of Savva Mamontov 37, 52
Resurrection 53
Six-Winged Seraphim, The, Azrael, Angel of Death 58, 62, 63, 64, 65
Study of a Head 58
Two Angels with Labara 42, 43, 44
Vision of the Prophet Ezekiel, The 62, 65, 66
vsechestvo (‘everythingness’) 144
Vysshie khudozhestvenno-tekhnicheskie masterskie (Vkhutemas) 236
Vysshii Khudozhestvenno-Tekhnicheskii Institut (Vkhutein) 236
Walden, Herwarth 152
‘For Kandinsky’ (Für Kandinsky) 152
westernisers 26, 131, 134, 145, 146, 182, 183, 218
Whitechapel Gallery 82
Whitman, Walt 86
Leaves of Grass 86
Wölfflin, Heinrich 122
World of Art group (Mir iskusstva) 24, 60, 93, 94, 112, 244
Worringer, Wilhelm 34, 154, 155, 156
Abstraction and Empathy 155, 156
Form Problems of the Gothic 155, 156
Yalta 165
Zagorsk monastery 224