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Contents

Acknowledgements

ix

A Note on Sources and Languages

x

1.

Love and Authority: Love Poetry and its Critics

1

I.

The Poetry of Love

1

II.

Love’s Nemesis: Demands for Obedience

3

III.

Love’s Critics: The Hermeneutics of Suspicion and the Authoritarian Approach to Criticism

10

IV.

The Critics: Poetry Is About Poetry

23

V.

The Critics: The Author Is Dead (or Merely Irrelevant)

29

2.

Channeled, Reformulated, and Controlled: Love Poetry from the Song of Songs to Aeneas and Dido

37

I.

Love Poetry and the Critics who Allegorize: The Song of Songs

37

II.

Love Poetry and the Critics who Reduce: Ovid’s Amores and Ars Amatoria

57

III.

Love or Obedience in Virgil: Aeneas and Dido

77

IV.

Love or Obedience in Ovid: Aeneas, Dido, and the Critics who Dismiss

89

3.

Love and its Absences in Late Latin and Greek Poetry

97

I.

Love in the Poetry of Late Antiquity: Latin

97

II.

Love in the Poetry of Late Antiquity: Greek

113

4.

The Troubadours and Fin’amor: Love, Choice, and the Individual

121

I.

Why “Courtly Love” Is Not Love

121

II.

The Troubadours and Their Critics

136

III.

The Troubadours and Love

165

5.

Fin’amor Castrated: Abelard, Heloise, and the Critics who Deny

195

6.

The Albigensian Crusade and the Death of Fin’amor in Medieval French and English Poetry

215

I.

The Death of Fin’amor: The Albigensian Crusade and its Aftermath

215

II.

Post-Fin’amor French Poetry: The Roman de la Rose

238

III.

Post-Fin’amor English Romance: Love of God and Country in Havelok the Dane and King Horn

275

IV.

Post-Fin’amor English Poetry: Mocking “Courtly Love” in Chaucer—the Knight and the Miller

280

V.

Post-Fin’amor English Poetry: Mocking “Auctoritee” in Chaucer—the Wife of Bath

286

7.

The Ladder of Love in Italian Poetry and Prose, and the Reactions of the Sixteenth-Century Sonneteers

295

I.

The Platonic Ladder of Love

295

II.

Post-Fin’amor Italian Poetry: The Sicilian School to Dante and Petrarch

300

III.

Post-Fin’amor Italian Prose: Il Libro del Cortegiano (The Book of the Courtier)

330

IV.

The Sixteenth-Century: Post-Fin’amor Transitions in Petrarchan-Influenced Poetry

336

8.

Shakespeare: The Return of Fin’amor

353

I.

The Value of the Individual in the Sonnets

353

II.

Shakespeare’s Plays: Children as Property

367

III.

Love as Resistance: Silvia and Hermia

378

IV.

Love as Resistance: Juliet and the Critics who Disdain

393

9.

Love and its Costs in Seventeenth-Century Literature

421

I.

Carpe Diem in Life and Marriage: John Donne and the Critics who Distance

422

II.

The Lyricist of Carpe Diem: Robert Herrick and the Critics who Distort

445

10.

Paradise Lost: Love in Eden, and the Critics who Obey

467

Epilogue. Belonging to Poetry: A Reparative Reading

501

Bibliography

513

Index

553