Abend-blat, dos (The Evening Page) 6, 93, 100–107, 115, 123, 128
actors 5, 6, 70, 71–76, 81, 128, 150, 200, 250, 276
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America 106–107, 135, 152, 157, 158, 164, 173–178, 190, 227
American Federation of Labor (AFL) 4, 8, 36–38, 40–41, 96–99, 107, 108, 113, 123–128, 133, 139, 165, 170, 173–174, 186, 192, 196–197, 202–203, 206, 211, 237, 252, 258–259, 263–266, 271, 273–275, 277, 279, 285, 288, 292, 301, 303, 310–311
American Shoe Workers’ Union (ASWU) 293–294
Am olam (The Eternal People) 3, 48, 52, 55, 69, 138
Anarchists 8, 29, 47, 51, 59–66, 82, 89–91, 93, 100, 101, 108, 110–114, 161, 167, 170, 175, 184–185, 188, 194, 208, 265–266, 288
Arbeter fraynt, der (The Workers’ Friend) 58–59, 61–62, 93, 101
Arbeter ring (Workmen’s Circle) 7, 76, 110, 122, 129, 169, 193, 207, 214–215, 221, 240, 258, 259
Arbeter tsaytung, di (Workers’ Newspaper) 5–6, 53, 62–63, 83, 90–93, 100–106, 110, 151, 183, 188–190, 299
Arbeter velt, di (Workers’ World) 6, 108
aviation workers. See radio and aviation workers
bakers 6, 56, 80, 82, 87, 99, 108–109, 128, 170, 204–205, 244–253, 256, 272, 274, 277, 298, 304, 307
Barondess, Joseph 63, 83–84, 95, 119, 182–191, 196
Barsky, Israel 69, 80, 82, 138–140, 196
bed spring makers. See mattress and bed spring makers
Beifeld & Co. (Chicago) 192
Beller & Co. (New York) 201
Benjamin and Caspari (New York) 187
Bisno, Abraham 114–115, 184, 191–192, 230
Blumenthal Brothers (New York) 187
bookbinders 82, 112, 151, 301–302
Boot and Shoe Workers’ Union (BSWU) 292
Brady 197
Brandeis, Louis D. 212–214, 216, 227, 229, 241
bricklayers, masons, plasterers 3, 37, 73, 309, 312, 313
Bund (General Jewish Workers’ Union of Lithuania, Poland, and Russia) 76, 174, 209, 216, 248, 260, 290
Burgin, Hertz 7
buttonhole makers. See waist, wrapper, kimono and buttonhole makers and embroidery workers
Cahan, Abraham 3–4, 48–53, 55, 59, 78, 83–84, 90–92, 102–105, 112, 115, 120, 137, 138, 180, 185–186, 193, 211, 266
cap, cloth hat, and millinery workers 61, 80, 82, 95, 113–125, 128–133, 145, 223, 240, 258
car and taxi drivers 313
carpenters, joiners, furniture and wood workers 18, 37, 82, 304, 306, 308–311, 313
Central Labor Federation of New York 187
Central Labor Union of New York 4, 39, 42
children’s jacket makers. See jacket makers
choristers 5–6, 55–56, 69–71, 73, 75, 81, 306, 308
cigar and cigarette makers 3, 18, 21, 28–29, 33, 39–46, 52, 66–67, 70–71, 98, 111, 185, 309–310. See also Cigar Makers’ International Union of America (CMIUA)
Cigar Makers’ International Union of America (CMIUA) 3, 40–41, 98
cleaners and dyers 95, 207, 279–281
cloak makers 3, 46–47, 52, 56, 63, 80, 82–83, 86, 94–96, 98, 101, 106, 109–110, 113–115, 128, 152, 165, 168, 170–171, 174, 178–205, 209–219, 221–222, 225–233, 235–239, 241–243, 249, 255–258, 264, 272, 277–279, 304, 309, 311. See also General Strike of the Cleveland Cloak Makers of 1911; Great Cloak Makers’ Strike of 1910
cloth hat workers. See cap, cloth hat, and millinery workers
Communists 8, 193, 232, 236–243, 260–264, 270, 286, 293–295, 299, 306
Day, Callaghan, and Company (Boston) 185
Debs, Eugene V. 6, 99, 107, 126
DeLeon, Daniel 92, 96–107, 122, 126–128, 151, 159, 171, 192, 197, 248
dress makers 83, 86, 179, 185, 193, 221–222, 224, 231, 233–234, 236, 238, 243, 249, 264. See also General Strike of the Dress Makers in 1923
drivers. See furniture and laundry wagon drivers; car and taxi drivers
Dubinsky, David 216
Dyche, John 197, 202, 204, 207, 209, 211, 228
dyers. See cleaners and dyers
Eisner and Company (Brooklyn) 159
Federation of Organized Trade and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada (FOTLU) 4, 36–37, 39
Feigenbaum, Benjamin 92–93, 102, 105–106, 112–113, 206
Fereynigte yidishe geverkshaftn (United Hebrew Trades, UHT) 5, 7–9, 29, 54, 63, 71–76, 78–79, 82–85, 89, 90–91, 95–98, 99–100, 108–114, 115, 119–123, 125, 127, 129, 134, 139–140, 143–146, 151–160, 161–164, 166–167, 169–170, 174, 182–185, 187–189, 190, 193–195, 197–199, 204–209, 214–215, 230, 245–248, 253, 255–256, 258–259, 268–272, 274–277, 279–290, 295–302, 304–311
Fleischmann’s Yeast Company 244
Forverts (The Forward) 6, 48, 54, 61, 76, 78, 93, 99, 102–108, 122–123, 125, 128–129, 137, 139, 142, 151, 158, 167, 169–170, 191, 198, 202, 205, 209, 211, 213–215, 227, 240, 249, 258, 266, 300
Fraye arbeter shtime, di (Free Voice of the Workers) 62, 90, 100, 108, 227
Freiheit (Freedom) 227
furniture and laundry wagon drivers 281, 303–304, 306–307
furniture workers. See carpenters, joiners, furniture and wood workers
furriers 110, 168, 170, 240, 243, 248, 253–260, 262, 264–265, 277, 294, 311
General Strike of 1926 238–243
General Strike of the Cleveland Cloak Makers of 1911 218–219
General Strike of the Dress Makers in 1923 233–234
George, Henry 5, 38, 56, 92, 138
Gerekhtikayt (Justice) 62, 217
Gompers, Samuel 3, 37, 40–42, 96, 123–124, 133, 174, 186, 202, 206, 211, 255
Great Cloak Makers’ Strike of 1910 203, 210–215, 256
Great Garment Workers’ Strike of 1913 164–172
Greenspan and Wertheim (Philadelphia) 192
Gretsch, Niuma 55
Ha-emet (The Truth) 64, 66, 101
Hart, Schaffner, and Marx (Chicago) 166, 174–176
Haywood, William D. 126, 128, 130
Hebrew-American Typographical Union (HATU) 78
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society 17, 21
Herzog Garment Company (Chicago) 229
Hillman, Sidney 173–174, 176, 227
Hillquit, Morris 5, 63, 80–82, 84, 91–92, 105, 112, 120, 138, 161, 216
Historic General Strike of the 18,000 Waist Makers 204–210
Hourwich, Yitzhak Isaac 107, 174
Hungarian Jewish Socialist Association 56
I. Miller and Company (Long Island) 294
Independent Order of Brith Abraham 56, 136
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 108, 126–130, 201, 228, 247–248, 291
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU) 115, 195, 196–198, 201–204, 207, 209, 215–219, 222–224, 226–232, 234–235, 237–238, 240, 243–244
International Sheet Metal Workers (ISMW) 295
iron workers. See metal workers and machinists
Jablonowski, Ludwig 42
jacket makers 94, 111, 114, 140, 152–154, 156–157, 168, 172, 194
jacket pressers. See pressers
James M. Brady & Co. (New York) 197
John Bonwit Company (New York) 198–201
joiners. See carpenters, joiners, furniture and wood workers
Jonas, Alexander 50, 54, 92, 102, 138, 180, 185
kimono makers. See waist, wrapper, kimono and buttonhole makers and embroidery workers
Kinney Brothers (New York) 43–46
knee-pants makers 30, 63, 76, 82–83, 86, 95, 108, 111, 114, 119–120, 140, 147–152, 164, 180, 182, 309. See also pants makers
Knights of Labor 4, 8, 35–36, 40, 42, 47, 82, 96–98, 113, 119, 125, 135–139, 159, 178, 179–181, 192, 215, 265, 301
kosher slaughterers 151, 307–308
Krantz, Philip 58, 90–93, 100–101, 103, 105–106, 189, 299
ladies’ tailors. See tailors
Ladies’ Waist Makers’ Union (LWMU) 170, 194–195, 203–204, 206, 209, 223, 249, 256
laundry workers 55, 95, 162, 302–305
Lazerson & Co. (New York) 205
leather, pocketbook, purse, suitcase and trunk makers 83, 240, 267–274
Legien, Karl 6
Lichtenstein & Co. (New York) 121
London, Meyer 64, 89, 107, 171, 200, 206, 213, 226
lumber mill workers 4
machine shop workers 3, 29, 157
machinists. See metal workers and machinists
masons. See bricklayers, masons, plasterers
mattress and bed spring makers 31, 282
Max Davis Company (New York) 124
Messing Baking Company (New York) 250–251, 307
metal workers and machinists 4, 35, 128, 305–306. See also International Sheet Metal Workers (ISMW)
Meyer Jonasson & Co. (New York) 179, 183
Miller, Louis 53, 60, 63, 82–84, 91, 100, 102–104, 112, 161, 189
milliners. See cap, cloth hat, and millinery workers
M. Koven & Co. (New York) 277
Morgenshtern, der (The Morning Star) 89
Morgn Zhurnal, der (The Jewish Morning Journal) 300
moving picture operators 308, 312
musicians 71, 76, 82, 128, 200
Naye tsayt, di (The New Times) 5, 59, 299
New York Cap Manufacturers’ Association 123–124
New Yorker Volkszeitung (New York People’s Newspaper) 6, 46, 59, 81, 98, 138
Niu-yorker yidishe folkstsaytung (New York Yiddish People’s Newspaper) 6, 59, 78, 89, 106–107, 138, 140, 299
Ovend-tsaytung, di (Evening Newspaper) 62, 108
painters 98–99, 109–110, 265–267, 295, 310
Palmer & Co. (Chicago) 219
Panic of 1893 93, 140, 153, 190
pants makers 82–83, 113–114, 134–136, 140, 147, 157–158, 164, 172, 180. See also knee-pants makers
Parkhurst, Charles Henry 29–30
Pechter Baking Company (New York) 250–251, 307
People, The 92, 97–98, 105–106
Pine, Max 104, 108, 147, 151, 166, 168, 175, 204, 206, 273, 276, 283, 299
Pionir der frayhayt (Pioneers of Liberty) 60–62, 64–66, 89
plasterers. See bricklayers, masons, plasterers
plumbers 312
pocketbook makers. See leather, pocketbook, purse, suitcase and trunk makers
Popkin and Marks (New York) 187–188
Powderly, Terence 36
Poylishe yidl, dos (The Polish Jew) 78, 101
pressers 30, 32, 52, 74, 86, 133, 136–139, 142, 149, 153–159, 161, 170, 181, 187, 192, 196–197, 201, 207–208, 210, 217–218, 228, 230, 232, 275, 279, 281, 304–305
Propaganda Verein (Propaganda Association) 51–52
Pullman Palace Car Company 107
purse makers. See leather, pocketbook, purse, suitcase and trunk makers
radio and aviation workers 313
railroad workers 4, 20, 85, 107
reefer makers 194, 195, 198, 202–204, 216, 258. See also jacket makers
repairers. See shoemakers and repairers
Robbins, Mrs Raymond 229
Rosenberg, Abraham 181, 190, 199, 202–204, 207, 209, 211, 218, 228
Rosen Brothers (New York) 205
Rothenberg, Charles 262
R. Sadowsky & Co. (New York) 201
Rusish-yidish arbeter ferayn (Russian-Jewish Workers’ Association) 5–6
Scheuer Brothers (New York) 267
Schlesinger, Benjamin 115, 125, 192, 197–199, 201–202, 204–205, 213–214, 228–229, 232
Schneiderman, Rose 206
Schoen, Jacob 46, 56, 136, 180
S. Davis Company (New York) 98
seltzer workers 43, 76, 83, 99, 283
shirt makers 46, 53, 60–63, 80, 82–83, 95, 113–114, 120, 161–164, 194
shoemakers and repairers 34, 96, 292–295, 308. See also American Shoe Workers’ Union (ASWU); Boot and Shoe Workers’ Union (BSWU)
Simonson Cap Company (New York) 122
skirt makers 195–201, 210, 212, 216, 221, 228, 230, 232, 258
Smith, Alfred E. 238
Social Democracy of America 6, 8, 61
Social-Democrats 6, 54, 59–61, 63, 82, 89–90, 93, 99, 101, 104, 107, 110–114, 185, 188, 191, 249, 265
Socialist International Congress (1st Congress of the Second International, Paris, 1889) 83, 91
Socialist International Congress (2nd Congress of the Second International, Brussels, 1891) 83
Socialist Labor Party (SLP) 3–6, 8, 40–41, 46, 50, 54, 55–56, 60–61, 63–64, 80–82, 83–84, 89–90, 92, 95–102, 105–108, 112–115, 119, 121, 123, 126, 128, 139, 150–151, 159–160, 171, 174, 182, 184–185, 188, 197, 265, 268, 279, 290, 301
Socialist Party 6, 8, 52, 61, 64, 100, 127, 139, 158, 169, 175, 183, 193, 197, 207–208, 210, 213, 216, 236, 258, 265–266, 290, 296
Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance (STLA) 96–99, 101, 103, 122–123, 126–127, 192–193, 195
Stachelberg Cigar Company (New York) 18, 48
steel workers. See metal workers and machinists
Stevens, Uriah 35
Strawbridge and Clothier (Philadelphia) 114, 192
suit and vest makers 46, 134, 140–142, 158–161, 164–166, 172
suitcase makers. See leather, pocketbook, purse, suitcase and trunk makers
tailors 18, 30, 35, 44, 46–47, 52, 55, 69, 74, 80, 82, 87, 95–96, 98, 101, 106, 109–111, 113–115, 120, 128, 134–147, 152, 159, 165–166, 168, 179, 181–182, 187, 190, 194, 197–198, 201, 212, 216–218, 223, 235, 242, 248, 253, 277, 300, 304, 308, 311
tin workers 21, 22, 295–296, 313
Tog, der (The Day) 300
Triangle Shirtwaist Company (New York) 205–207
Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire 5, 8, 220–221, 255
trunk makers. See leather, pocketbook, purse, suitcase and trunk makers
Tsayt-gayst (Spirit of the Times) 6, 102
Tsukunft, di (The Future) 64, 100, 104, 227
typesetters and typographers 5, 34, 52, 56, 58, 76–79, 77–79, 81, 83, 91, 95, 99, 134. See also Hebrew-American Typographical Union (HATU)
Ulman & Co. (Baltimore) 179
United Cigar Stores (New York) 40
United Garment Workers of America (UGWA) 96, 113, 139–141, 146, 154, 156, 158, 159, 164–167, 170–171, 173, 190, 191, 203
United Hebrew Trades (UHT). See Fereynigte yidishe geverkshaftn (United Hebrew Trades, UHT)
United Leather Workers’ International Union (ULWIU) 271, 273
Varhayt (Thruth) 54, 62, 65, 89, 300
Veker, der (Alarm) 6
Vereinigte Deutsche 4–6, 73, 81–82
vest makers. See suit and vest makers
Vladek, Borekh 209
waist, wrapper, kimono and buttonhole makers and embroidery workers 27, 95, 108–110, 128, 162, 165, 168, 170, 193–196, 203–207, 209–210, 218–224, 229–231, 248–249, 255–256, 272, 284
Weinstein Brothers (New York) 198
Winchevsky, Morris 58, 78, 101–102, 104–105, 301
Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) 165, 206, 223, 229
wood workers. See carpenters, joiners, furniture and wood workers
wrapper makers. See waist, wrapper, kimono and buttonhole makers and embroidery workers
writers. See newspaper writers
Yidishe gazetn, di (The Yiddish Gazette) 57, 77, 246
Yidisher arbeter ferayn (Jewish Workers’ Association) 5, 46–47, 55–57, 59, 69, 71, 76–77, 80, 89, 136, 180
Yidisher tageblat, dos (Daily Page) 246, 299
Yidishe velt, di (The Jewish World) 62, 300
Zametkin, Mikhail 60–62, 82, 84, 102, 104, 110–112, 120, 161, 185