Aucassin et Nicolette 32
Abelard, Peter (d. 1142) 128, 290
Abgar the Black (reigned 4 BC-7AD and 13 AD-40 AD) 161
acrobats, acrobatics 9, 15, 19–20, 40–42, 45, 52, 54, 74, 79, 83–84, 87, 89, 92, 96, 99, 101, 103, 106, 114–115, 153, 155, 158, 162, 200, 203, 249, 256, 267, 271, 277
Adams, Henry 17, 106, 186, 249, 310
Aelia Verina (d. 484) 138
Alanus de Rupe (1428-1475) 193, 311
Alberic of Cîteaux (d. 1108) 130, 141, 288
Alcuin (ca. 735-804) 70
Aldhelm (ca. 640-709) 70
Alexander III, Pope (ca. 1100-1181; pope 1159-1181) 84
Alexander the Great (356-323) 46, 155–156
Alfonso II of Aragon (1157-1196; reigned 1164-1196) 147
Alfonso X the Wise, King of Castile (1221-1284; ruled 1252-1284) 82, 84, 217, 270, 321–322
America, American 6, 11, 61, 94, 103, 106, 174, 190, 197, 200, 212, 231, 252, 263, 270–271, 273, 277, 281, 285, 314, 317
analogues 83, 203, 225, 235, 237, 332
Andrew the Blessed (d. 936) 133
Anglo-Saxon 70, 266–267, 307, 318
Anne (biblical) 233
Annunciation 177, 180, 182, 291
anonymous, anonymity 7, 25–26, 32, 35, 58, 60–62, 65, 135, 203, 217–218, 224, 250, 253, 262, 264, 294, 324
apparitions 82, 95, 113, 130, 133, 146, 175, 187, 196–198, 200–202, 217, 233, 251, 255, 271, 294, 313–314, 328
Marian apparitions 175, 196, 196–202, 197–198, 313
Arras, Holy Candle of 225–226, 229–230, 324–325
Arsenal manuscript 25
Arthur, King 32
Assumption 77, 137, 145, 217, 247, 291, 295, 305, 321
asterisk 48
audience, audiences 5, 7–8, 12, 18, 35, 38, 55, 58–59, 69–70, 79–81, 83, 87–88, 93, 97, 128, 166, 168, 217, 233, 240
Augustine (354-430) 102–103, 283
Bale, John (1495-1563) 193, 311, 336
bas-de-page 40, 42, 47, 52, 135
Battle of the Bulge 190
Baylon, Paschal (1540-1592) 103–104, 283–284
beauty 176, 226, 235, 247, 328
Belgium 147, 158, 189–190, 225, 251, 260, 262, 274, 279, 288, 297, 327–328
Benedictine order 26, 29, 31, 86, 89, 118–119, 122–123, 129, 131, 140, 150–151, 167, 217, 223–224, 238, 253, 265, 273, 288, 297, 304, 316
Benedict of Nursia (ca. 480-ca. 547) 34, 64, 68, 86, 118–119, 140, 150–151, 167, 264–265, 273, 300–301
Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) 34, 45, 96–98, 117, 119, 125, 127, 131–133, 145, 153, 195, 205, 277–278, 288, 290, 293, 300–301, 316. See also Cistercians
Bible 13, 114, 123, 131, 148, 153, 157, 184, 204–206, 208, 210, 299, 315–319
Blessed Virgin 78, 103, 127, 131, 168, 177, 186, 193–194, 290–291, 305–306, 311–312, 318, 327
Bosco, John (1815-1888) 104, 106–110, 284
Britain 15, 52, 183, 201, 256, 310
Burgkmair, Hans, the Elder (1473-1531) 241
Byzantine, Byzantium 31, 48, 77, 100–101, 133, 136, 138–139, 173, 222–223, 263–264, 268, 280–281, 294–295, 318, 321, 323, 328
Caesarius of Heisterbach (ca. 1180-1240) 97, 134, 145–146, 221, 233, 263, 298, 300–301, 322
catechism 200
cathedral 5, 9, 13, 52–53, 63, 75, 78, 114, 138, 148, 176, 184, 187, 189, 227–228, 258–259, 267–268, 306, 317, 327, 329
Catholicism 89, 99, 103, 106, 115, 117, 138, 174–175, 177, 184, 186–188, 193–194, 196–197, 200–202, 206, 275, 277, 292, 306, 309–312, 315, 331
Cerveri de Girona (ca. 1259-ca. 1282) 85, 270, 273
Charlemagne (d. 814; ruled 800-814) 32, 138, 168, 306
Chartres 76, 114, 132, 138, 174, 295, 302
Chaucer, Geoffrey (1343-1400) 192, 258, 305, 325–326
Canterbury Tales, The 192, 305
Chrétien de Troyes 40, 255, 302
Christ 6, 13, 45, 68, 70, 76–78, 89, 97, 99–101, 114, 117, 126, 129, 138, 140, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 175, 193–194, 206, 210, 226, 237–238, 257, 261, 268, 274, 277, 280–281, 292, 303, 306, 311, 316, 318, 321, 323, 329–330
Christendom 77, 103, 118, 138, 283
Christian, Christianity 9, 19, 25, 32, 63–65, 70, 77–78, 84, 88, 90–91, 94, 96, 99, 106, 114–115, 117–118, 120–121, 126–127, 129, 136–137, 142, 152, 159, 161–163, 174–177, 180, 186, 195–197, 201, 203–204, 206, 208, 211, 213, 218, 237, 249, 256–257, 266, 275–276, 284–285, 287, 295, 300, 304, 309, 315, 318, 328, 330, 333
Christians 64, 78, 84, 91, 125, 201, 206, 222
Christological 206
Cistercian order 18, 34–35, 37–38, 48, 56–57, 61–62, 64–66, 69, 91, 96–97, 101, 116–125, 127–135, 140–152, 154, 158, 168, 203, 205, 217, 221, 232–233, 254, 261, 263–264, 266, 273, 277–278, 282, 288–291, 293–294, 296–302, 321, 327. See also Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153)
Cîteaux 34, 117–119, 121, 125–126, 128, 130, 144–145, 288–292, 296–297, 299–300
Clement IV (1190-1268; pope between 1265-1268) 147
clothing 19–20, 23, 48, 85, 100, 117, 130, 137–138, 142, 153–155, 162, 204, 206, 217, 224, 235, 249, 288, 295, 301–302
Columbus, Christopher (1436-1506) 75
Communism 187
Conrad of Eberbach (d. 1221) 144–145, 256, 297, 327
Constantinople 77, 101, 133, 137–138, 161–162, 216, 222, 268, 281, 294–295, 321
conversion therapy 146–148, 298
conversion 58, 62, 66–67, 83, 86, 103, 117, 121, 147–148, 200–202, 221, 265, 277, 299, 316
Cram, Ralph Adams (1863-1942) 174, 305
Cromwell, Thomas (1485-1540) 177, 182, 192, 311
Damascus 234
dancer 19, 41, 50, 54, 74, 82, 87, 90, 103–104, 106, 114–115, 155, 200, 204, 208, 221, 267, 275, 283, 285–287, 317
dance rituals 91, 275, 277, 284
dancing 11, 20, 48, 50–51, 59, 73, 79, 84, 87–88, 90–91, 93–96, 101, 103–104, 106, 112–116, 121, 153, 158, 168–169, 201, 204–206, 208–209, 211–214, 232, 258–259, 262, 267, 273, 275–278, 283–287, 300, 304, 315–320
Daniel of Scetis (d. after 576) 100
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) 127, 205, 237, 273, 290, 316
David, King vi, 204–206, 208–211, 213, 215, 315, 317, 384
dePaola, Tomie (b. 1934 Thomas Anthony de Paola) 8
Diana (Roman goddess) 183
Dominican order 57, 62, 193, 212, 261, 325, 327
Dominic of Silos (1000-1073) 98, 279
Dowsing, William (1596-1668) 176
Duffy, Bernard (1882-1952) 211, 311, 319, 346
Edison, Thomas Alva (1847-1931) 232, 327
Edward I (1239-1307; reigned 1272-1307) 182
Edward VI (1537-1553; reigned 1547-1553) 184
Egypt 64–66, 100, 119, 146, 263
Eliot, T. S. (1888-1965) 90, 275
Elizabeth (biblical) 233
Elizabeth I (1533-1603; reigned 1558-1603) 184, 309
Ellington, Duke (1899-1974) 208, 317
England, English 9, 11, 41, 48, 52, 70, 74–76, 79–81, 83, 88–89, 95–96, 104, 125, 135, 154, 162, 167, 169, 172–177, 179–180, 182–184, 187, 193–195, 201, 206, 218, 221, 224, 247–249, 253–254, 258, 263, 265–267, 269–270, 274–275, 278–280, 288, 290, 295, 297, 299, 301–302, 304–309, 311, 315, 318, 320–322, 325, 330–331
Erasmus, Desiderius of Rotterdam (1466-1536) 100, 179–180, 193, 280, 308, 311
Eucharist 101, 103–104, 283–284, 292
Europe, European 6–7, 9, 11, 18, 24, 33, 41, 46, 50, 64, 81, 87–89, 91, 100–101, 118, 142, 145, 148, 157, 168, 173–174, 180, 184, 194, 197, 216, 237, 256, 260, 264, 274, 288–290, 302–305, 307, 326
exemplum, exempla 7, 17–19, 22, 35, 37, 41, 54–62, 65, 69, 73, 89, 100, 102, 116, 133, 135, 142, 144–145, 147, 152, 154, 172–173, 201, 203, 206, 212, 218, 221, 232–234, 241, 249, 254, 256, 260–266, 292, 294, 298, 301, 316, 321–322, 327, 331
Latin exemplum, exempla 116, 142, 154, 234, 254, 261, 322
Table of Exempla 57–59, 61–62, 261–262
Farsit, Hugh (d. 1186) 29, 251
fiddle 31, 37, 40, 50–52, 84, 206, 238, 243–244, 258–259. See also vielle
fiddler 37, 48, 218, 224, 241–242, 332
Fo, Dario (1926-2016) 101, 115, 282
Folquet of Marseille (d. 1231) 147, 299
Fourth Lateran Council 1215 69, 78, 268
France, Anatole (1844-1924) 47, 75, 112, 114, 165, 172, 249–250, 252, 257, 315, 332. See Thibault, Jacques-Anatole-François
France, French 5, 7, 11, 15, 17, 21, 23, 26–27, 29, 32–37, 39–40, 44, 47, 51–52, 55–56, 58–59, 61–67, 69–70, 74–82, 84, 87–88, 94, 97, 101, 103–104, 112, 114, 116–119, 121, 135–136, 138, 143, 148, 150, 154, 162, 165, 167–168, 172–175, 179, 184, 187, 189, 198, 200, 206, 211–212, 216–218, 221, 224–226, 229–231, 233, 238, 240, 248–250, 252–256, 258–265, 267, 269–270, 272, 274–276, 279, 283, 287, 289, 292–293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 303, 305–306, 312, 321–325, 327–328, 330–332
Franciscan order 58, 61–62, 65, 97, 100, 102–104, 232, 253, 283, 325
Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) 58, 97–98, 100, 115, 206, 268, 279–280
Franco-Prussian War 15, 187, 332
Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939) 106, 231
Freudian 231
friars 18, 35, 58, 62, 65, 88, 97, 103–104, 113, 193, 195, 249, 253, 263, 283, 312, 325. See also Dominican order; Franciscan order; goliard
Gabriel (angel) 131, 145, 180, 291, 307, 328
Garden, Mary (1874-1967) 172
Gautier de Coinci (1177-1236) 25–26, 29–32, 34, 54, 63, 67, 88–89, 101, 217–218, 225, 233–235, 250–252, 263, 265, 274, 282, 322, 324, 328
Gautier, Théophile 25–27, 29–32, 34, 54, 63, 67, 88–89, 95, 101, 217–218, 225, 233–235, 250–252, 260, 263, 265, 274, 276, 282, 322, 324, 328
German, Germany 15, 23, 41, 48, 50, 101, 121, 140, 145, 174–175, 180, 182, 184, 186–188, 195, 214–215, 218, 243, 245, 247, 258, 263, 266–269, 274, 276, 282, 285, 290–291, 293–294, 302, 304, 306, 309, 320, 324, 327, 329–333
Ginepro, Fra. See Juniper, Brother
Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) 48–49
God 22, 37, 46, 58–60, 67, 70, 73, 78, 83, 90, 95–97, 99–103, 114–117, 120–122, 125, 128–129, 139–140, 145–146, 148, 152–153, 158, 163, 167, 169, 183, 187–188, 193–195, 200–201, 204, 206, 208–212, 216, 218, 220, 237–238, 240, 254, 257, 267, 272, 274–275, 277–281, 283–284, 286–287, 293, 296–297, 303, 307, 311–313, 316–319, 327, 330
Gonzalo de Berceo (ca. 1190-before 1264) 98, 217, 279, 321
Gospel of John 159, 237, 288, 303, 329
Goswin of Bossut (1190-1299) 158, 302, 327
Gothic 7, 9–11, 13, 15, 41, 63, 75, 128, 201–202, 247–248, 255–257, 273, 277, 285, 303, 328
Greece, Greek 8, 25, 64, 68, 78, 81, 86, 90–91, 94–95, 100, 120, 125, 136–137, 139, 152, 155, 159, 161–163, 206, 208, 216, 237, 251, 263–264, 267–268, 281, 289, 292, 295, 308, 318, 323
Gregory I (d. 604; pope 590-604) 213, 320, 351
Gregory of Tours (538-594) 216
Guiot de Provins (fl. ca. 1180–ca. 1210) 148, 299
Gumppenberg, Wilhelm (1609-1675) 186, 310
gymnastics 13, 19, 42, 48, 87, 91, 148, 153, 155, 159, 168, 171, 203–204, 211, 221
Hedler, Friedrich (1898-1987) 243, 245, 333, 352
Helinand of Froidmont (ca. 1160-after 1229) 133, 148, 288, 293, 299
Henry II (1133-1189; reigned 1154-1189) 154, 221, 322
Henry III (1207-1272; reigned 1216-1272) 182, 305, 308
Henry VII (1457-1509; reigned 1485-1509) 182
Henry VIII (1491-1547; reigned 1509-1547) 174, 182, 184, 195, 311
Hermit and the Jongleur, The 35, 37, 55, 63, 254
Hilda of Whitby (614-680, abbess 657-680) 70
Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) 140
Holbein, Hans, the Elder (ca. 1460-1524) 184, 309
Holy Face of Christ 237–241, 329–330
holy fool 99–102, 264, 280–281
Holy Land 118, 137–138, 180, 218, 328
Honorius Augustodunensis (ca. 1080-1137) 88, 274
humility 9, 12–13, 26, 32, 41, 67–69, 74, 78, 97, 99–100, 102–103, 118, 123, 127, 129, 143, 166, 205, 210, 265, 278, 290, 316
identity 25, 32, 60, 69, 114, 218
idolatry 175–176, 194, 196, 257, 312
illumination, illuminations 153, 164, 217, 253
Italy, Italian 7, 76, 79, 101, 103, 115, 135–136, 159, 176, 180, 237, 243, 247, 253–254, 258, 263, 269, 279, 282, 284, 287, 308, 310, 323, 329–331
Jean Renart (13th century) 148, 299
Jehan de Grise 44
Jerusalem 116, 137, 161, 204, 206, 209–210, 237, 303, 317
Jesuit 57, 103, 115, 135, 184, 287, 310
Jesus 5–6, 13, 41, 45–48, 66, 70, 76–78, 100, 113, 121, 126, 131, 139, 155, 159, 161, 163, 169, 175, 177, 179–180, 183, 188, 200, 206, 208, 210–211, 216, 221, 232–233, 237–238, 268, 287, 289, 293, 319, 323
Jews, Jewish 129, 202, 204, 206, 257
John Buoni (ca. 1168-1249) 98–99, 279
jongleur 7–11, 13, 20, 31, 37, 39, 41–42, 44, 47–48, 50, 52, 55, 58, 60, 63–64, 66, 70, 73–75, 77, 79–81, 84–89, 94, 95–104, 113–114, 116, 121–122, 133, 146, 148–149, 154–155, 158–159, 163–168, 171, 196–197, 204, 206–207, 211, 218, 220–221, 224–225, 228, 240, 248, 256, 259, 262, 268–271, 273–274, 278–279, 282–284, 287, 298, 302, 315–316, 322, 324, 329–330. See also juggler; juggling
jongleur of God 58, 70, 100, 102, 206, 316
Jongleur of Notre Dame, The 9, 11, 13–14, 75, 248
Joseph of Arimathea 237
joy 13, 59, 84, 96, 104, 114, 129, 158, 204–205, 218, 240, 262, 276, 278–279, 284, 318, 322, 330
Judah 204
Judea 64
juggler, juggling 6–10, 47, 62, 75, 79–81, 90, 103, 106, 157, 163–165, 169, 196–197, 202, 208, 211, 256, 259, 269, 317, 332. See also jongleur
Juniper, Brother (ca. 1190-1258) 97, 279
Knight of the Barrel, The 35–37, 55, 253
Keller, Gottfried (1819-1890) 101, 213–215, 269, 282, 320
King, Stephen (b. 1947) 231, 326
lactation 131–133, 195, 292–293. See also milk
Langland, William (ca. 1330-ca. 1400) 182, 237, 308
Langny, Ernoul 65
La Salette 187
Latimer, Hugh (ca. 1487-1555) 182–183, 309
Latin 7, 14, 17, 22–23, 29–30, 37, 41, 55–57, 59, 61, 63–65, 67, 69–71, 75, 80–81, 86–88, 92, 97, 100, 114, 116, 118–120, 123, 125, 130–131, 138, 142–143, 145–146, 149, 151–152, 154, 158–159, 162, 166–167, 173, 178, 192–193, 200, 206, 208, 216–218, 229, 234, 237, 241, 248–249, 254, 257, 261–267, 269–270, 273–274, 278–280, 283, 288–294, 296–297, 299–300, 302–308, 312, 315–316, 320–325, 327–329, 331
Latin texts 217, 262, 316, 324
Lawrence, D. H. (1885-1930) 204, 315
lay brothers 19–21, 35, 40, 45, 48, 56, 61–62, 65, 73, 90–91, 101, 104, 106, 116–117, 121–125, 127–128, 134–135, 140–146, 149–152, 154, 157–158, 162, 166–168, 200, 208, 232–233, 261, 264, 284, 289, 296–297, 300–304, 327
legend 32, 52, 54–56, 65, 70, 80, 94, 97, 102, 116, 127, 130–133, 147, 161–162, 173, 177, 180, 187, 203, 213, 216, 225, 228, 231–232, 234–235, 237, 241, 243, 259, 264, 275–276, 292–293, 298, 307, 320, 328, 332
Léna, Maurice (1859-1928) 206, 253, 358
Leo I the Thracian (401-474) 138
linen 47, 154, 159, 161, 233, 315
listener, listeners 6, 19, 35, 56, 58, 69–70, 128
literary iconoclasm 192–196, 311
Lives of the Fathers 37, 63–67, 146, 298
Life of the Fathers 37, 55, 63–67, 101, 254, 263–264
Lollard 179
London 44, 46–47, 59, 68, 92, 110, 157, 171, 183, 185, 189, 193, 262, 288, 307, 312
Louis IX (1214-1270; reigned 1226-1270) 162, 173
Louis XII (1462-1515; reigned 1498-1515) 179
Lucca 236–238, 240–241, 329–332, 349, 364, 386
Luther, Martin (1483-1546) 195, 312–313, 359
Lutheranism 195
Madonna (b. 1958) 116
Madonna, Madonnas 6, 9, 20, 29–30, 48, 52, 60, 63, 74, 76–78, 93–95, 106, 111–112, 125, 127, 129, 131–132, 135, 153, 155, 158–159, 164, 168, 175–177, 179–180, 182–184, 186–189, 191–192, 194–198, 200–201, 203, 221–225, 234–235, 243–244, 251, 257, 285, 292, 306, 310, 312, 314, 319, 323, 329–330
mantle 47, 133, 136, 142, 198, 252, 294
manuscripts 11, 17–18, 22–25, 30–34, 36, 38–41, 45, 48, 50, 54, 57–58, 62–64, 68, 73–74, 84, 118, 167, 172, 192, 195, 202, 204–205, 208, 217, 224, 250–252, 258, 261–263, 297, 304, 315–316, 321, 324
Marian 18, 21, 26, 30, 47, 54–55, 63, 89, 129–133, 136, 138–139, 147, 164, 173–175, 179, 182–184, 187, 189, 192–193, 195–198, 202, 216, 218, 222, 225, 231–232, 234–235, 243, 251, 286, 291, 293, 295, 304–305, 309, 312–313, 321–322, 326, 328–329. See also apparitions; Marian apparitions
Marianism 113, 118, 127–128, 131, 138, 145, 187, 202, 290–291, 304
Marian miracles 21, 30, 55, 63, 164, 173, 192–193, 195, 216, 225, 231–232, 234–235, 251, 321, 326, 328
Mariaphobia 184
Mariolatry 183
Mariophile 193
Mary. See Virgin Mary
Mary (as saint) 75–76, 84, 101, 168, 179, 217–218, 268, 272–273, 281, 308–309, 321
Mary I (1516-1558; reigned 1553-1558) 184
Massenet, Jules (1842-1912) 75, 172, 206, 208, 250, 253
Matthew of Paris (ca. 1200-ca. 1259) 68
Maximos Kausokalybites (d. ca. 1365-1380) 101, 281
medieval literature 11, 17, 32, 62, 173
Mérimée, Prosper (1803-1870) 235–236
Michal (biblical) 204, 209, 315
Middle Ages 5, 7–12, 14–15, 17, 19, 22–23, 26, 32–33, 38–39, 46, 52, 54–55, 57–58, 64, 69, 71, 73, 77, 80–82, 84, 88–90, 93–94, 97, 100–101, 113, 116–117, 125, 129, 131, 133, 136, 142, 146, 148, 154, 157, 163–164, 171–172, 174–175, 179, 193–197, 201, 204, 206, 212, 216, 223, 226, 231, 243, 247–249, 257, 261, 263, 270–271, 274, 276–277, 282, 286, 289–291, 295, 297–298, 300, 302–303, 306, 314, 323, 329, 331
milk 127, 129, 131–133, 178, 195, 217, 221, 292, 307. See also lactation
miniature 11, 39–42, 46–48, 51–52, 57, 136, 163, 204, 255, 258, 292
minstrel 31, 33, 37, 40, 50, 52, 58, 62, 65, 67, 71, 74–75, 81–82, 86, 96, 99, 117–118, 121, 148, 151, 167, 238, 244, 258–259, 261, 263, 269–270, 324
miracles 6, 11, 21, 25–26, 29–32, 40, 44, 47, 52, 54–55, 60–61, 63, 65–67, 78, 87–89, 101, 103, 127, 132–134, 136–137, 144–145, 152, 158, 163–164, 173–174, 179, 187, 190, 192–193, 195, 197, 201–203, 216–218, 220–221, 224–225, 228–229, 231–235, 237–238, 240, 243–244, 249–252, 257–259, 263–265, 268, 274, 278–279, 282, 289, 293–294, 298, 304–305, 307–308, 311–312, 321–322, 324–328, 330
monasticism 19, 31, 33, 65, 71, 99, 117–118, 120–121, 135, 141–143, 147, 159, 164, 175, 201, 252, 288, 300, 302
Mother and Child 176
Mother Confessor 78
Mother of God 6, 21, 29–30, 47, 74, 76–78, 89, 104, 106, 125–131, 133–134, 136, 138–140, 144, 146, 153, 158, 162–164, 166, 168, 174–180, 187, 193–195, 198, 200, 208–209, 216–218, 221–222, 224, 233–234, 244, 251, 286, 291, 293, 295, 304, 306, 321, 323
Muslim, Muslims 94, 136, 180, 283, 328
Napoleonic Wars 211
Nash, Bette 247
Nazareth 115, 177, 180, 287, 307
Nègre, Mireille (b. 1943) 112–115, 286–287
New Testament 121, 175, 203, 208, 210, 267, 318
New World 197
New York 45, 54, 106, 111, 190–191, 259, 264, 285, 317–318, 323, 384
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844-1900) 73, 267
Nobili, Sister Anna 115–116, 287
Norfolk 177–178, 182, 184, 309
Notre Dame 6, 8–11, 13–14, 31, 74–78, 99, 172, 187, 196, 206–208, 211, 229, 231, 248, 251, 258, 265, 267–268, 282, 290, 317, 325–326
Our Lady’s Tumbler 9, 11–13, 15, 17, 19, 21–25, 29, 31–35, 37–39, 51–52, 54–59, 61, 63, 65–71, 73, 75, 82, 84, 86–91, 94, 100–104, 112, 114, 117–118, 121, 128, 135, 138, 140, 142, 144–145, 149, 152, 155, 158–159, 161–164, 166–169, 171–174, 179, 196, 200–201, 203–204, 210–211, 218, 221, 224–225, 231–235, 237, 243, 245, 248–250, 252–253, 258–259, 267, 274, 276, 298, 300, 328, 333
Occitan 21, 62, 76, 80, 85, 269–270, 299
Old French 23, 33, 148, 218, 249, 254, 264–265, 267, 269–270, 274, 283, 312, 322, 332
Order of Cîteaux 117, 126, 288
Our Lady of Fátima 187, 198–199
Our Lady of Salambao 104–105, 284
papism 175
Paris 33, 36, 39, 44, 48–49, 52, 65, 75, 83, 98, 112, 114, 128, 147, 162, 184, 250, 255, 267, 269, 276, 279, 309
Picard 17, 23, 33, 65, 88, 150, 226, 234
Picardy 23, 32–33, 65, 88, 187, 252, 274
piety 55, 67, 77–78, 91, 94, 101, 140, 144, 164, 166–167, 173, 180, 254
pious tales 55, 63, 65, 260, 263–264
poet, poets 8–9, 22–23, 25–26, 30–35, 37, 50, 56, 59–63, 65–67, 82, 85, 87, 89–90, 98, 138, 147–148, 157, 168, 171, 203–204, 216–218, 224, 233–234, 241, 243, 252–253, 258, 267, 270, 276, 299, 324, 332
poetry 7–8, 12, 14, 17, 19, 21–23, 25–26, 30, 33–35, 37–40, 48, 52, 55–66, 69, 73, 75, 80, 82, 84–85, 88, 101, 114, 116–117, 121, 131, 138, 140, 147–149, 152, 154–155, 164, 167–168, 172–173, 175, 200, 206, 213, 217, 224, 231, 233–234, 237–238, 241, 243, 247, 252–253, 259–260, 264–270, 272–273, 275, 282, 286, 289, 296–297, 299–300, 328, 332
French poetry 7, 35, 52, 58, 61, 63, 82, 84, 114, 116–117, 121, 154, 168, 173, 200, 259, 264–265, 275
medieval French poetry 35, 52, 61, 82, 84, 114, 117, 121, 168, 200, 259, 275
popularity 8, 11, 30, 42, 54–55, 61, 64, 76, 78, 85, 100–101, 104, 135, 143, 168, 171, 175, 179–180, 184, 195, 201, 229, 263, 275, 277, 282, 305–307, 312, 324, 332
Protestantism 117, 174–176, 184, 186–187, 193–195, 197, 200–202, 275, 306, 310–312
Psalms 59, 123, 150, 204, 274, 285, 316
Pugin, Augustus Welby Northmore (1812-1852) 201
Queen Mary Master, 1310-1320 157
récit 55, 250–251, 253, 281, 297, 305, 321, 326–327
reader, readers 6, 10, 12, 32, 34–35, 37, 48, 63, 70–71, 73, 128, 145, 206, 210, 243, 313
reception 6, 8, 12, 14–15, 247
Reformation, the 7, 11, 89, 117, 171, 173–175, 179, 182, 184, 186, 192, 195–196, 201, 263, 275, 305, 308–311
Renaissance 7, 50, 97, 179, 201, 247, 249, 275, 279, 303, 305, 310, 321
Rhine, Rhineland 94, 218, 233, 243
Rocamadour, Miracles of Saint Mary of 174, 218, 221–225, 321–324
Rolle, Richard (1305-1349) 96
Roman 8, 16, 25, 57, 77, 102, 133, 138, 161, 183–184, 193, 202, 276, 295, 300
Romanism 175
Rome 87, 102, 115, 168, 237, 240, 256, 293, 311, 321
Rossellini, Roberto (1906-1977) 98, 279
Ruth St. Denis (born Ruth Dennis) (1879-1968) 103, 106, 111–112, 284–285
Song of Roland, The 32, 62, 263
sainthood 216
Sales, Francis de (1567-1622) 106, 284
Salesians 106
Sancho IV of Castile (1258-1295; reigned 1284-1295) 206, 316
Seneca the Younger [Lucius Annaeus Seneca] (ca. 6 BCE-65 CE) 102, 283
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616) 174
sign language 114, 149–150, 152, 166
silence 5, 51, 128, 141, 149–152, 166, 168, 192, 286, 290, 296, 300
vow of silence 149
Son of God 77
Soubirous, Bernadette (1844-1879) 198
soul-weighing (psychostasis) 163, 165, 304
Soviet Union 187
Spain 75, 80, 84, 87, 103–104, 131, 147, 159, 198, 206, 212, 217, 253, 258, 269, 283–284, 305, 316, 319–320, 331
star 25, 48, 94, 116, 136, 258
Stephen of Bourbon (1190/1195-ca. 1261) 212, 256, 261–262, 265, 299, 320, 371
sweat cloth (sudarium) 158–159, 303
Tale of the Barrel, The 65, 254
Tandysh, Melissa 24, 49, 124, 151, 172–173
Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) 113
Theodosius I, Emperor (347-395) 90, 275, 280
Thérèse of Lisieux (1873-1897) 113
Thomas of Chobham (d. ca. 1233-1236) 83–84, 271
Thomas, William (d. 1554) 195
Tiberius (42 BC-37 AD; reigned 14 AD-37 AD) 161
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1892-1973) 79, 268
Trinity, the 106, 194, 205, 315
tumbler 19–22, 34, 40–43, 45, 47–48, 50–53, 56, 58, 60, 65–68, 70–71, 74–75, 82–91, 93–97, 99–102, 113–117, 120–122, 127, 130, 133, 135–136, 140, 142, 145–146, 149, 151–155, 157–159, 161–164, 166–168, 195, 200–204, 210, 224, 232, 259, 267, 289, 300, 319
tumbling 20, 30, 48, 89, 96, 154, 249, 272
Turin 107–109, 159–160, 162, 282, 303
Twain, Mark (1835-1910) 102, 283
Vanson, Frederic (1919-1993) 169
vernacular 23, 50, 58, 60–62, 65, 69–71, 80–81, 84, 88, 97, 135, 142, 152, 162, 167, 179, 192–193, 216, 218, 265, 279, 294, 327
Vernoy de Saint-Georges, Jules-Henri 95, 276
Veronica (saint) 159–162, 232, 234
vielle 31, 39–40, 50–52, 84, 218, 220, 238, 252. See also fiddle; violin
viewer, viewers 46, 48, 135, 155, 163, 206, 257
violin 48, 50, 244, 258. See also vielle
Virgin and Child 39, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53, 68, 77, 85, 137, 139, 178, 183–184, 187, 195, 220–221, 244, 323
Virgin Mary 6, 9, 11, 20–22, 25–26, 29–32, 39–42, 44–48, 50–53, 63, 65–68, 74–78, 82–85, 89, 91, 93, 95, 98–99, 101–104, 106, 111–114, 116–118, 121–123, 125–141, 144–145, 147–148, 151–153, 157–159, 162–164, 166–168, 173–180, 182–184, 186–190, 192–198, 200–202, 204, 206, 208–213, 216–226, 228–229, 231–235, 237, 242–244, 247, 250–251, 257, 259, 264, 267–268, 271–273, 281, 284, 286, 289–295, 297–299, 303, 305–314, 316, 318, 320–321, 323, 325, 327–328
Virgin, the 20, 47, 125–126, 129, 131, 134, 136, 140, 187, 197–198, 216, 221, 226, 232–234, 268, 290, 294–295, 304, 310, 320, 323
Wächter, Hermann 24, 250, 262, 267
Walsingham, Holy House of 177–182, 192–193, 196, 201, 307–309, 311, 314
Walter of Map (d. ca. 1210) 154
William of Malmesbury (ca. 1080-ca. 1142) 70, 266, 305
worship 13, 20, 52, 69, 78, 84, 90–91, 94, 96, 112, 115, 120–121, 124–125, 127–128, 144, 148–149, 153, 158, 164, 166–167, 174–175, 177, 179, 183, 192, 194, 200, 206, 208, 211–212, 221, 223, 232, 306, 309, 312–313, 317, 327–328
