Index

Aberdeen, Earl of (George Hamilton-Gordon) 112, 210, 237, 311, 395, 421, 426, 438, 671

Acropolis

and Athens 21

and Christianity 229

and earthquakes 459, 485, 632

and heritage 24, 55, 57, 271272, 274, 380, 447, 466, 471, 502, 504, 588, 597, 631, 646, 652, 659

and nature 19, 22, 5859, 62, 134, 258, 288, 344, 469, 502, 642, 647

and philosophy 220, 225227, 229

and providentialism 223, 376

approaching the 22, 25, 31, 72, 386, 446, 513, 592, 629, 631, 641

as a site of power 12, 439440, 493, 585, 594, 607

as prison 266, 703704

as refuge 3132, 258259, 637

attacking the 259261, 267, 283, 285, 294, 323, 379, 418, 431432, 694

bodies on 344346, 349

caves 42, 102, 385389

Conservation and Restoration programme 631, 643

control of 25, 35, 38, 4142, 54, 69, 99, 139, 180, 256, 260, 280, 282, 285, 287, 296297, 299, 301, 305, 311314, 337, 369, 373, 398, 427, 494, 606607, 634636, 643, 661, 704

defending the 24, 32, 34, 4041, 79, 252, 255, 268, 271, 285, 289290, 293, 297, 305, 314, 443, 479, 606, 637, 700701

excavations of 351, 458, 468, 472, 478479, 497, 501, 604, 626

heritage 643

looting 466467

modern, the 13, 468, 503, 511, 585, 640

monuments on xiii, 43, 5556, 182, 189, 213, 273, 297298, 340, 377, 379, 415416, 418, 447, 465, 622, 636, 645, 651, 661

Museum 639, 648652

nature and 356, 480

residents of 7980

supplies to 2628, 35, 257258, 260, 265, 271, 274, 281282, 299, 310, 414415, 441, 479, 702

symbol of Greece 5354, 237, 267, 291292, 313314, 428, 437, 494495, 503504, 506, 588, 596

transformation of 442, 468, 492, 502503, 631

viewing the 1113, 2224, 34, 36, 3839, 41, 64, 70, 85, 102, 113114, 116, 119, 124, 126, 190, 224, 226227, 229, 232, 243, 258, 284, 374375, 389, 438, 480, 497, 510511, 520, 528, 565, 568, 614, 626628, 640, 643, 648, 652

visiting the xiv, xv, 2425, 41, 56, 80, 125, 186, 190, 214, 229, 241, 302, 308, 312, 348, 372, 385, 397, 401, 406, 421, 446, 449, 467, 609, 623, 625, 628, 631, 641, 644

women in 262

Acts of the Apostles 78, 172, 192193, 195196, 199, 513514, 519, 522523, 527, 529, 534, 540, 546, 565, 574575, 622, 732, 734

Adair, Robert 159, 171172, 673

Adriatic 89, 168, 504

Aegean Sea 74, 89, 91, 107, 128, 167168, 171, 256, 445, 451, 727

Aegina 24, 112113, 247, 267, 317, 343, 353, 418

Aeschylus 102, 497, 516

Africa 22, 7578, 8990, 95, 119, 126, 159, 277, 324, 326, 356, 432, 538, 588, 711

African 7475, 77, 104, 171, 324, 571

Albania 7, 21, 79, 130, 156, 170, 177, 379, 388, 396398, 401, 404405, 408, 420, 591

Albanian 25, 29, 4849, 65, 79, 101, 156, 252, 258, 289, 293, 300, 305, 330, 332, 589

Alcibiades 54, 253, 551

Alexander the Great 27, 416, 565, 605

Alexandria 7677, 91, 142, 323325, 328, 575, 710, 734

Algiers 9091, 171

Aligny, Theodore 334335, 438439

Allied powers 332, 591, 607, 622, 713714, 718

America 155, 219, 433, 466, 531, 570

charitable relief 11, 317318

involvement in the Greek Revolution 302

visitors to Greece 77, 466, 562

visitors to the United States 542

American

charitable relief 317, 534

involvement in the Greek Revolution 170

visitors to Greece 25, 95, 117, 205, 223, 229, 241, 245, 247, 281, 285, 302303, 324, 328, 338, 341, 346, 349, 352353, 370, 449, 452, 465466, 497, 519, 524, 527528, 531, 535536, 549, 571572, 574, 604

volunteers xiii

Anderson, Benedict 8, 128, 456, 488

imagined community 89, 106, 126, 183, 185, 211, 222, 352, 382, 395, 399, 470, 505, 525, 659

Androutsos, Odysseus 272273, 282, 344, 427, 459, 493

Aphrodite 234, 601

Arab 296, 312, 609

Arabic 262, 325

Areopagus

its meaning before the Revolution 517

its meaning in ancient Athens 515517

its meaning to Christians 222, 514, 518520, 525527, 529, 533534, 539, 542543, 545, 547, 560, 570571, 575

Argos 114, 136, 319, 420

Aristides, Publius Aelius 12, 418, 470, 516, 577

Aristophanes 58, 190, 480, 488, 734, 736

Aristotle 51, 60, 139, 193, 215, 218, 428, 482, 516, 542, 734735, 739

Armenian 45, 202, 321, 324, 525

Arnold, Edwin 348349

Aryan 247, 525, 566, 602, 619, 621, 623

Asia 7, 2122, 30, 40, 53, 73, 76, 89, 9293, 95, 100, 119, 124, 126, 132, 160, 260, 325, 344, 402, 432, 434, 456, 503, 559560, 588

Asia Minor 7, 40, 53, 73, 9293, 100, 124, 132, 160, 325, 344, 402, 434, 503

Asian 517

Aspasia 54, 253, 552

Athena 523, 569

and philosophy 212, 227

Athena Nike 439, 443, 446, 496, 630, 646, 676

in myth 476, 647

in stone 273, 486, 488, 630, 641, 733735

symbol 58, 291292, 585, 647

Attic 32, 127128, 343, 514, 576

Attica 24, 48, 6566, 71, 74, 110, 116, 249, 264, 288, 305306, 311312, 319, 334335, 393, 418, 420, 456, 488, 503, 516, 524, 528, 608, 647, 686687, 691, 704, 727, 734

Augustine of Hippo 56, 138, 140, 567

Austria 8, 88, 154, 324, 328, 382, 419, 693

Austrian 75, 112, 147, 153, 166, 170, 251, 261262, 269, 299, 301, 307, 314, 318, 343, 373

Avramiotti, Gian-Dionisio 120121, 266

Axis powers 591, 602, 612

Balkans 35, 331, 587, 589, 595596, 612

Bartholdy, J.B.S. 76, 78, 137, 170, 221222, 271

Baudelot de Dairval, Charles-Caesar 195196

Bavaria 315, 440, 465, 604

Bavarian 288289, 311314, 344, 373, 429, 465, 472, 479

Beaton, Roderick xi, xiii, xvi, 6, 45, 125, 149, 152, 162, 296, 503, 505

Berlin 31, 87, 140, 216, 246, 264, 367, 372, 419, 436, 497, 553, 592, 597598, 603, 605606, 609, 617

Congress of 419

Beulé, Charles Ernest 115116, 245, 346, 472, 490491, 508, 585

Bible 188, 224, 466, 514, 520, 527, 531532, 536537, 545546, 549, 555556, 559560, 564565, 582, 620

Biblical 229, 452, 534

Black Sea 27, 148, 263, 280, 344, 391, 395, 504

Blaquiere, Edward 41, 173174, 256, 340, 353, 383, 506

body parts 4, 72, 146, 160, 278, 281, 294297, 316, 380381, 466, 522

Bory de Saint-Vincent 309310

Bosphorus 27, 117, 321

Bourbaki, Constantin Denis 290

Braudel, Ferdnand 217

Brazil 550

Breton, Ernest 240, 409, 489, 588, 635, 656

Britain

diplomatic manoeuvrings 382, 395, 406, 704

intelligence 170, 173, 177178

involvement in the Greek Revolution 89, 148, 302, 395, 407, 421, 437, 616

British

charitable relief 534

diplomatic manoeuvrings 141, 154, 169, 173, 178, 262, 311, 383, 394395, 399400, 404405, 413, 420, 615, 661, 704

imperialism 98, 107, 167, 171, 177, 267, 311, 345, 400, 409, 436, 598, 612, 614

intelligence 170173, 177, 180, 274, 407

involvement in the Greek Revolution 312, 323, 429, 591

involvement in the provisional Greek government 289

visitors to Greece 29, 34, 40, 104, 123124, 133, 146, 253254, 369, 449, 465, 519, 531, 560, 571, 586, 614

British Embassy 160161, 177, 275, 325, 381

British Museum xiii, 33, 100, 107, 352, 429431, 434436, 444, 446, 451, 465, 468, 472, 488, 506, 526527, 565, 597, 607, 644, 661, 676677

Bulgaria 7, 328, 342, 405, 591, 603

Bulgarian 591

Burgon, Thomas 67, 107, 109, 266, 518

Byron, George Gordon, Lord

and Ali Pasha 99

and Canning 419, 426

and Lamartine 307

attack on Elgin 426

Byronism 348

‘Byron’s Dream’ 228

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, A Romaunt 52, 112, 125, 228, 307, 425, 551

dispute with Gropius and Aberdeen 112

fame 126, 348349, 425

graffiti 123, 125126

imagined community 126

living in Greece 129

meditating on monuments 228

philhellenism 398, 425

The Corsair 91

the resisting viewer 120

visiting Constantinople 159

visiting Greece 99, 104, 122, 125, 128, 158

Byzantine 23, 4445, 47, 69, 103, 139140, 186, 190, 195, 205, 225, 333, 373, 454, 502, 505, 508, 517, 522, 525, 531, 539, 634635, 643, 656

Byzantium 24, 103, 138139, 141, 604

Caesar, Julius 195, 416417, 643, 732733, 737

Cairo 91, 97, 324, 408

California 554, 556

Canaanites 550

Canada 59, 102, 529, 534

Canning, Stratford

and Byron 159, 419

and Elgin 422423, 449

communication networks 170, 383

correspondence with Reschid 380385, 391, 401, 403, 421422, 692, 694, 698

diplomacy 179, 310, 380, 382385, 399, 401, 403404, 406, 411, 415, 419420

documents 179, 302, 380381, 400, 411, 419, 488, 685, 690691, 694, 704705

duty 399, 426

early career 169, 410, 413

family 399

in Constantinople 178, 294, 399, 401, 407, 410, 414

intelligence 379, 385, 404

survival of the Parthenon 275, 380, 382385, 390, 419, 421, 423424, 449, 699

visit to the Acropolis 401, 406, 420421

work habits 178179, 400, 412413

cannon 41, 55, 79, 173, 254257, 280, 283284, 312, 344346, 349, 369, 373, 381, 383, 520, 588, 519

Capuchins 49, 88, 207, 363

Catherine the Great 50, 396

Catholic 202, 207, 547, 684, 704, 708

Çelebi, Evliya 27, 43, 51, 6869, 71, 161162, 193

Cerigo 8990, 167168

Chalcis 51, 78, 100, 254, 280, 312, 704

Chateaubriand, François-René de 5859, 84, 102, 114, 116, 120121, 125126, 128, 218, 225, 227, 266, 355, 398, 503

children

besieged in the Acropolis 259, 297

enslaved 142, 146, 151, 262, 264265, 278, 321, 326330, 384, 429, 707708, 710712, 725

killed 279, 372, 381, 709

orphans 224, 315316, 319, 321, 429

prostitution 321

rape of 282, 327

refugees 317318

survivors of Acropolis siege 261, 299, 318

Chios 154, 264, 295, 316, 326328, 330, 381, 707708

Choiseul-Gouffier, Auguste de 106107, 121, 125

Christendom 9, 191, 333, 394, 704

Christianity 102, 138, 148, 220, 222, 234, 252, 376, 519, 522, 524526, 532, 536539, 547, 550551, 554, 559564, 567568, 573574, 582583, 618, 723, 725

Christianization 44, 84, 103, 139, 387, 529, 582

Church, Richard 4, 4243, 4950, 54, 6970, 77, 148, 173, 175, 180, 199, 265, 284, 288289, 293298, 309, 320, 324, 329, 370, 372, 406, 415418, 519, 525, 533534, 539, 547, 552, 561562, 571, 576, 701, 703704, 720, 723724, 726729

Cicero 120, 237, 637638

Circassian 7, 77, 159, 262, 275, 395, 709

Clarke, Edward Daniel 44, 70, 104, 124, 163, 258, 387, 423, 672673

Cochrane, Thomas, 10th Earl of Dundonald 227, 244245, 289294, 301302, 332, 417, 661, 702

Cockerell, Charles Robert 21, 5961, 70, 108, 113114, 131133, 173, 388, 458, 464, 633

cognition 11, 14, 16, 36, 121, 217, 229, 239240, 456, 484, 511, 656

Colonos 128, 516, 577, 599

Concert of Europe 6, 9, 382

Constantine, Emperor 44, 100, 139, 141, 165, 185, 190, 197, 234, 260, 292, 625

Corfu 71, 127, 172, 226, 714715, 717718

Corinth 24, 75, 113114, 136137, 139, 145, 257258, 277, 314, 316, 323324, 340, 486, 559, 686

Corinthian 43, 137

Cossacks 263

Counter-Reformation 209, 564

Crete 44, 89, 100, 119, 168, 310, 316, 325, 328, 332, 483, 506507, 543, 591, 614615

Crimea 7, 55, 81, 344, 356, 395, 410, 536

Crusaders 23, 409, 494495

Crusades 24, 55, 90, 265, 394, 405, 494

Cyprus 113, 118, 384, 609, 614

Dawkins, James 305, 308, 310, 312, 314, 451

Delille, Jacques 105, 124125

Delphi 87, 124, 136, 147, 320, 334

Demosthenes 88, 127, 186, 190, 193, 334, 523, 684, 732, 734, 736

Derveni Papyrus 110, 554

Diogenes 88, 129, 190, 364, 542, 638

Dionysios the Areopagite 77, 192, 199, 546, 557

Dioscorides 191, 233

display

inscription 13, 189, 471

of ancient objects 239, 345, 352, 424, 426, 434, 472, 486, 489, 526, 600, 604, 649, 651

of body parts 35, 146, 160162, 165, 278, 281, 294, 296, 316, 381

of heritage 380, 383, 437, 588, 652

of images 4344, 69, 132, 200, 477

of objects 109

of stories 233, 273, 368, 641

performance 70, 581, 628

technologies of 5, 67, 145, 147, 156163, 158, 161, 248, 278, 309, 340, 346, 395, 459, 493, 527, 532, 570, 656

Disraeli, Benjamin 315, 337, 352, 369, 396399, 465

Dodwell, Edward 21, 33, 3637, 57, 80, 99, 101, 108, 133134, 136, 280, 355, 364, 388, 465

Dorians 398, 621622

Dutch 8182, 89, 211

Duveen gallery 607

Duveen, Joseph 435, 607, 670

Eastcote, Giles 183, 185

Eastlake, Charles 54, 56, 228

ecphrasis 4, 241, 539

counter-ecphrasis 4, 539

Edinburgh 16, 34, 36, 40, 53, 80, 90, 100, 115, 174, 220, 270, 344, 350353, 446, 468469, 541, 600, 688

Efendi, Reis (Reis ül-Küttab) 72, 158, 172, 274, 692, 697

Egypt 7677, 84, 93, 9798, 104105, 110, 113114, 116, 118119, 124, 127128, 148, 150, 254, 256257, 277278, 293, 316, 321323, 326329, 342, 346, 353, 360361, 406, 408, 422, 434, 481482, 486, 488, 504, 519, 522523, 531, 560, 565, 591, 614, 704705, 710, 739

Egyptian 301, 317, 321, 328, 408, 461, 476, 545, 650, 710

Eldem, Edhem 3, 8, 15, 42, 45, 180, 194, 345, 381382, 409, 502503, 566, 662, 665, 674, 695, 697698

Elgin, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of

and Byron 125, 426

and Canning 423, 705, 705706

damage done by 57, 434, 449, 459, 463465

firman arranged by 51, 55, 98, 406, 423, 429, 661669, 673674, 700

government purchase of antiquities 146, 435436, 674675

hostility to 266, 379, 385, 429, 433434, 491, 495, 671, 675677

influence of 372

justification for removal of Marbles 38, 49, 240, 406, 423, 430433, 435436, 464, 467, 644645

removal of Marbles 13, 36, 38, 5657, 98, 106109, 313, 360, 370, 374, 390, 400, 423424, 429430, 446, 448

El Greco 45

Ellis, Henry 431432

Enlightenment 6, 50, 52, 84, 137, 192, 208, 211, 214215, 218, 229, 497, 503, 535536

Ephesus 51, 559560, 575576

Epicureans 513, 573, 738

Epidaurus 136

Erechtheion 24, 37, 40, 43, 125, 139, 371373, 434, 447448, 455, 460, 496, 597, 634635, 641, 644, 646, 648, 651, 676

Erechtheum 24, 372, 480, 524, 542

Erechtheus 102, 108, 221, 283, 368, 461, 524, 701

Ergasterion 483, 489

Etruscan 108

Euboea 35, 305, 312, 557, 704

Euripides 87, 101102, 189, 288, 333, 460462, 476, 486, 497, 569, 578, 581, 732

Faber, Frederick William 337, 357, 518, 547, 552, 647

Fabvier, Charles 179, 267, 280, 297300, 346, 372, 416, 585, 701

Fauvel, Louis-François-Sébastien 67, 88, 105, 108, 111, 124125, 130, 166, 254, 259, 261, 309, 373, 389, 430, 670672

Felton, Cornelius 452, 454, 518519, 548

feminism xiii, xiv

Finlay, George 173, 284, 294, 301, 309, 311312, 317, 320321, 337, 416, 421, 429, 687, 689, 700

firman 15, 51, 5455, 72, 94100, 107, 113, 122, 153154, 163164, 172, 175, 216, 274275, 314, 383, 391, 403, 406, 409, 414, 420421, 423, 429430, 432, 444, 449451, 463464, 488, 661662, 671, 674, 683684, 690, 692, 700, 708

First World War 135, 224, 497, 587, 597, 613, 617, 621

Flaubert, Gustave 345, 444, 489

Florence 30, 131, 140, 191, 254, 554

Foucault, Michel 2, 4

Fourmont, Michel 106, 209210

Frankish 2324, 26, 186, 190, 282, 344, 368, 409, 439, 443, 492, 494496, 498, 500, 502, 505, 508, 589, 612, 614, 633634, 664, 674, 696697

Frankish Tower 24, 26, 190, 282, 439, 492, 495496, 500, 508, 589, 612, 614

Franks, the 5657, 6667, 69, 73, 106, 121122, 147, 170, 203, 270, 363, 398, 688, 696

French Empire 9

French Revolution 9, 50, 229230, 395, 533, 620

Gadsby, John 117, 370, 452453, 518, 529530, 532, 550

Galt, John 29, 42, 49, 5253, 58, 60, 71, 75, 7778, 102103, 116, 119, 213, 234, 413, 560, 661

Garston, Edgar 81, 90, 190, 257, 280281, 296, 346347, 364, 369, 373, 480, 483

Gedoyn, Louis 8586, 208209

Gell, William 12, 38, 92, 99, 103105, 424, 426, 683

Genesis 550

Gentiles 526, 550

George III 419

Georgia 324

Georgian 159

Germanism 599

Gordon, Robert 311, 399400

Gordon, Thomas 174176, 180, 252, 259260, 264, 270, 283284, 287, 311, 339, 372, 399, 414416, 432, 565, 687690

Gouras, Yannis 39, 41, 174, 273, 282, 300, 330, 373, 699701

Grand Mufti 142143

Greek Government 152, 154, 173, 177, 260, 279, 289291, 293, 296, 311313, 347, 451, 462, 468, 472, 491, 587, 685

Gropius, Georg 7576, 88, 112113, 166, 251, 261262, 269, 307308, 314, 318, 337338, 340, 356, 372373, 465, 685, 690

Guillet de St. Georges 15, 119120, 185, 197198, 201208, 211, 386387, 529

Guilletiere, M. de la 197198, 204, 206207

Gunsaulus, Frank W. 518, 552553

Günther, Hans 599601

Hadrian 3334, 43, 46, 190, 499, 523524, 577, 732733, 736

Hadrian’s Gate 3334, 43, 46, 499

Halet (Meḥmet Saʿid Ḥālet Efendi) 72, 172

Halicarnassus xv, 99, 216, 409, 444, 700

Hamilakis, Yannis 6, 53, 149, 194, 311, 313, 341, 344, 494, 502, 652

Hamilton, Gawen William 49, 9293, 132133, 150, 275, 302, 360, 365, 383385, 434435, 469, 602, 662, 672673, 697, 699

Haseki, Hadji Ali 2833, 35, 48, 251252, 285

Haseki’s wall 2833, 35, 252

heads, beheading 22, 35, 55, 68, 88, 122, 124, 140, 143, 145146, 159162, 165, 173, 247, 256257, 275, 278, 281, 292297, 309, 316, 327, 339, 343347, 349350, 352, 365, 373, 380381, 404, 485, 516517, 554, 697698, 711, 720, 725, 734, 736

Hecateus 175

Hellas 48, 83, 103, 108, 112, 147, 149, 168, 191, 226, 232, 246, 254, 266, 289, 292, 303, 332, 345, 347, 350, 399, 401, 436, 450, 468, 481, 483, 493494, 502503, 505, 508, 510, 529, 576, 596, 604605, 612, 620, 624625, 637, 640, 645, 650651, 697, 702

Hellen 148, 221

Hellenes 10, 49, 5354, 137, 141, 148, 162, 195, 221, 233, 235, 247, 252, 264, 271, 273, 292, 296298, 312, 314, 332, 341, 350, 367, 394395, 450, 478, 503, 507, 510, 537, 558, 598599, 602, 608, 619, 621, 645

Hellenic 6, 21, 47, 51, 100, 103, 131, 135136, 139, 142, 147148, 173, 182, 185, 191, 197, 200, 225, 233234, 242, 283, 292, 297, 311, 317, 333, 340, 362, 371, 380, 382, 405, 409, 416, 429, 437, 450, 456, 458, 470, 472, 477, 488, 493494, 496, 504, 506, 508, 518, 536, 541, 545, 551, 553, 563, 576, 586, 589, 594, 598, 604, 621, 629, 635636, 638, 643, 647, 650651, 656, 687

Hellenism 5, 52, 54, 7778, 136, 147148, 220, 233, 237, 242, 292, 380, 437, 468, 504

Hellenist 105, 514, 656

Hellenizing 24, 273, 463, 490, 494, 496, 508

Herodotus of Halicarnassus xv, 147, 175, 190, 418, 514, 587588, 647, 737

Hippocrates 193, 485

Hitler, Adolf 591, 598, 604, 616617, 622

Hobhouse, John Cam 21, 80, 99100, 128, 131, 192, 251, 372, 453454

Hogarth, William 239240

Homer 145, 148, 221, 245, 317, 362, 368, 439

Homeric 483

Hore, James 362363, 365, 390

Howe, Samuel G. 173, 281282, 285286, 294, 303, 321, 327, 518, 538, 559, 613, 687

Hunter, James 9092, 355, 518, 520, 527, 554

Hunt, Philip 31, 49, 99, 662

Ibrahim Pasha 124, 150, 278, 301, 305, 317318, 321, 323, 408, 691, 710711

Ilicak, H. Şükrü 7, 54, 72, 153, 258, 261, 275, 299, 305, 344, 383, 683

Illysos 131, 139

imagined community 9, 151, 544

Imperial Council 153

India 19, 106, 179, 241, 349, 449, 531, 623

Indian 610611, 622623

Ionia 148, 560

Ionian 23, 36, 53, 71, 80, 105, 115, 120, 124, 130, 137, 154, 166167, 173, 177, 254, 256, 267, 278, 289, 309, 314, 326, 357, 396, 401, 405, 443, 446, 560, 621, 627, 692, 701, 710712, 715

Ionian Islands 23, 36, 53, 80, 105, 115, 120, 124, 130, 137, 154, 166167, 173, 177, 254, 267, 278, 289, 309, 314, 326, 357, 396, 401, 443, 446, 627, 692, 701, 710, 712, 715

Ionic temple 4649, 131

Iphigeneia 210, 460

Ireland 68, 135, 458, 658

Islamic 51, 664

Israelite 352

Italian 758, 809

Jaeger, Werner 5

Japan 531, 610

Japanese 615

Jerusalem 50, 84, 90, 114, 119, 253254, 343, 406, 522, 533, 560

Jesuit 73, 199

Jesus 44, 199, 222, 524, 539, 551, 554, 561, 564568, 573, 582, 613, 621, 722, 724725, 728729

Jewish 45, 51, 7879, 140, 221, 223, 225, 274, 319320, 420, 535, 550, 555, 566, 597598, 609, 620, 718

Jews 56, 78, 203, 404, 538, 540, 550551, 562, 609, 611, 621

Jolliffe, Thomas 77, 99, 127, 226, 253

Judaeo-Christian 51, 224, 477, 522, 553

Judaism 280, 561

Karaiskakis, Georgios 162, 290291, 293, 296, 339

Karo, Georg 597

Klepsydra 272273, 509, 733

Knox, Robert 352, 573, 600

Koran 51, 143, 341

Korizis, Alexander 614

Lamartine, Alphonse de 306308, 339, 343, 370, 469

landscape 12, 16, 18, 2223, 58, 85, 101, 103, 116, 129130, 136137, 147, 181182, 214, 225, 280, 288, 334, 356, 361, 395, 438, 496, 529, 559, 658

Lane-Poole, Stanley 170, 288, 293, 360, 381382, 399, 401, 411, 417419, 421423, 701, 705

Latin 1, 22, 8384, 140, 183185, 191, 196, 212, 239, 406, 514, 545, 572, 575576, 590, 662, 695, 734

Leiden 35, 83, 177, 180, 183, 462, 591

Leonidas 493, 617

Levant 1, 23, 25, 29, 31, 38, 42, 48, 5253, 5960, 76, 7980, 82, 93, 100, 104, 124, 145, 170, 173, 177, 179, 192, 197, 209, 211213, 247, 259, 283, 319, 330, 338, 351, 355, 361, 414, 455, 466, 620, 673, 690

Linson,Corwin Knapp 441, 497498, 509

London Conference 311

London, Treaty of 302, 306, 313, 321, 404, 713, 726

Lowental, David 9

Lucian 136, 189, 194, 476, 514, 516517, 564

Ludwig I 311, 440441, 465

Lusieri, Giovanni Batista 80, 88, 108, 112, 254, 423, 670671

Lyon 1, 183, 185, 199, 203, 372, 455, 475, 533

Lysicrates 43, 88, 186, 190, 310, 362363, 376, 684, 732

Macedonia 130, 405, 554

Mahmoud II 3, 94, 170, 263, 394, 419, 552, 697

Makriyannis, Ioannes 30, 53, 256, 284, 330, 340, 346, 372373, 388389, 401, 415, 450, 700

Malta 52, 90, 256, 331, 357, 391, 398, 408, 420

Marathon 111, 128, 141, 245, 253, 267, 345, 369, 398, 412, 497, 524, 542, 608, 612613

Marbles, the xiii, xiv, 37, 129, 421, 423, 428, 430432, 435436, 507508, 597, 607, 645, 662, 674676, 705, 737

Mecca 51, 356

mediation 3, 11, 15, 18, 155, 239, 703

Mediterranean Sea 6, 9, 27, 34, 42, 44, 74, 79, 8990, 95, 104, 113114, 124, 127, 135136, 140, 163, 168, 170171, 216217, 264, 303, 311, 338, 343, 369, 379, 395, 401, 407, 420, 441, 444, 448, 456, 466, 514, 519, 557, 561, 565, 647

Megara 30, 310

Mehmed, Reschid

and Canning 179, 380385, 390, 399, 401, 406, 422, 690692, 694695, 698699

and de Rigny 414

and Disraeli 369, 396397

and Urquhart 403404, 420

as military commander 180, 282283, 285, 296, 299, 301, 405, 408, 696

assisting refugees 300301

conquest of the Acropolis 42, 283, 285, 297, 302, 305, 344, 373, 381, 383384, 394

diplomacy 302, 404

display of skulls 146, 278, 282, 292, 295

downfall 408

intention to destroy the Parthenon 310, 379381, 383384, 691

intercepted letters 685689

Ottoman-European relations 384385, 402

survival of the Parthenon 178, 383, 385, 390391, 415, 421, 692695, 697

views of philhellenism 56, 298

Mehmet Ali 274, 408

Mehmet II 43, 55

Melos 90, 243, 264, 302, 316, 414

memory 10, 48, 53, 103, 118, 125, 135, 176, 192, 201, 210, 221, 292, 307, 331, 341, 356, 368, 419, 436, 439, 443, 467, 472, 494, 504, 516517, 523, 541, 544, 546, 578, 588, 596, 631, 636, 655656, 658659, 731, 736

Mercouri, Melina 427, 506, 508, 675676

Metaxas, Ioannis 604, 614

Methodist 519, 555

Metternich, Klemens von 9, 147, 382, 419

Meursius (Meurs, Johannes van) 8384, 189, 195, 197199, 202, 206207, 211, 227, 234, 367368, 517

Meyer, William 140, 170, 174, 177178, 283, 285, 294, 404, 701, 712, 718, 720

Michaud, Joseph François 308, 311, 317, 320, 323, 342, 355, 359, 405406, 411

Middle Ages 496, 536, 550, 633

Middle East 8, 23, 36, 324, 331, 405, 573, 614

Milan 191, 257

Miletus 148

millet system 45, 52, 66, 69, 78, 138139, 142, 144, 156, 159, 203, 552, 696

Milton, John 127, 520, 579581

Milvian Bridge, battle of 44, 139, 141, 260, 292, 571

Minerva, Temple of 37, 137, 433, 670

Minoan 482483

Missolonghi

capture by Ottoman forces 178, 277, 281, 296, 301

display of Ottoman power 278, 281, 345

enslaved citizens 278, 321, 323, 710712

recapture by Revolutionary forces 329

self-immolation 279, 298

siege of 278, 280281, 297, 299

symbolic power 281, 283, 297299, 404, 416, 587, 701

Morea 23, 25, 38, 48, 52, 71, 92, 101, 113, 118, 144, 164, 227, 244245, 274, 277, 288, 294, 309, 326, 332, 340, 357, 359, 432, 443, 448, 627, 682683, 686, 688, 712, 720721, 723724

Morocco 176

Morosini, Francesco 24, 40, 54, 192, 265, 434, 439, 459, 493, 495

Mott, Valentine 223, 346, 349350, 352, 376, 460

Mount Olympus 233, 244

Muhammad Ali 150, 408

Müller, Karl Otfried 65, 298, 301, 398, 578579, 599, 578

Munich 200, 289, 291, 313, 440, 465, 593, 595, 599, 601

Munychia 288, 296, 300

Murray, Eustace Clare Grenville 23, 25, 52, 65, 80, 87, 93, 106107, 109, 133, 146, 179, 181, 237, 252, 254, 263, 316317, 325, 332, 340, 345, 369, 412413, 419, 426, 434, 436, 443, 451, 519, 524, 559, 561, 599, 605, 627

Mycenae 483, 495

Mycenaean 272, 317, 472, 585, 597, 656

Nantes, Edict of 202, 208

Napoleon Bonaparte 9, 169, 172, 224, 310, 416, 557, 565

Napoleonic 9, 106, 270, 280, 322

Napoleonic Wars 9

nationalism xv, 8, 50, 52, 55, 118, 142, 164, 175, 252, 291, 332, 371, 380, 428429, 712

Nauplia 154, 164, 305306, 310312, 315, 342, 420421, 437, 472, 712

Navarino 175, 301, 316317, 321323

battle of 321

navy 7, 11, 90, 124, 144, 159, 171, 259, 277, 289, 298, 301302, 313, 328, 391, 409, 466

Nazareth 222, 551, 554, 564, 573, 621

Nazis 593, 595597, 599, 601602, 605606, 616617

Negropont 30, 51, 78, 100, 254, 261, 280, 283, 296, 305, 307, 312, 420, 679, 686, 689, 704

neo-Hellenism 52, 54, 137

Neolithic 12, 32, 62, 272

Neptune 283, 647, 701, 733

Nero 205, 616

Netherlands 1, 30, 154, 208, 211212

neuro-science 11, 229

New Testament 520, 560, 564, 576

Newtonian 230

Newton, Isaac 100, 218, 221, 308, 368, 443444, 488, 519, 550

New Zealanders 609610

Nicaea 199, 534

Nike 43, 190, 371, 429, 439, 443446, 489490, 496, 523, 630, 646, 676

Nike temple 43, 190, 371, 429, 444445, 489, 523, 630

Nikolaus, Count Esterházy 147

Nile 90, 98, 352

Nointel, Marquis de (Charles Marie François Olier) 48, 186187, 207

Nordic 532, 600602, 622

Oedipus 101, 128, 577578

olive trees 22, 128129, 286288, 291292, 334, 337, 369, 459, 461, 467, 530, 578, 633, 642, 646647

Olympia 136, 147, 485, 604

Olympian Zeus 43, 7071, 186, 190, 193, 221, 457, 459, 524, 606, 733

Olympic Games 497498, 604, 735

Open Access xiii, xiv, xv

orientalism 6, 8990, 98, 146, 157, 161, 164, 230, 296, 325, 380, 435, 466, 497, 545, 557, 561, 608, 611, 613, 708

Otho, King (Otto Friedrich Ludwig von Bayern) 311312, 315, 343, 424, 437, 440, 448

Palestine 43, 81, 99, 127, 190, 253, 326, 344, 351, 406, 434, 444, 489, 519, 523, 527, 531, 539, 545, 556, 561, 565566, 588, 609, 611, 614

Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount 399, 403, 420421, 704

Palmyra 231

Pan 189, 247, 353, 733734

Parnassus 124, 529

Pater, Walter 242243

Patissia 35, 295, 735

Patras 76, 137, 170, 292, 604

Patriarch 36, 50, 5758, 6769, 143, 173, 177, 707, 720721, 726

Patriarchate 50, 138, 156, 707

Paul of Tarsus (St Paul)

and homophobia 551, 574, 577

and rhetoric 522, 575577

and Socrates 548549

association with the Areopagus 102, 190, 513514, 517518, 521, 528529, 533, 541, 543, 547

display and performance 527528

effect on views of the Parthenon 192, 514, 522524, 526527, 574

Epistle 188

prohibition of visual images 140

symbol of opposition to classical past 51, 56, 351, 376, 520, 523, 527, 534, 536, 540, 542, 551, 559560, 575

Pausanias 47, 52, 8487, 126, 128, 133, 191, 194, 196198, 200, 202, 205, 208209, 227, 234, 254, 271, 366, 445, 483, 485, 528, 630, 643, 645, 647648, 736

Pauw, Cornelius de 216

Peloponnese 99, 113, 122, 144145, 163, 185, 274, 277278, 296, 301, 306, 310, 319, 323, 330, 342, 344, 353, 357, 408, 421, 538, 540, 686, 726728

Peloponnesian war 599

Penrose, Francis 370, 455457, 460, 462, 479, 648

Pentelikon, Mount 128, 455, 651

Periclean 273, 314, 367, 614, 637

Pericles 2, 126127, 186, 190, 258, 266, 351, 418, 452, 461462, 483, 505, 541, 604605, 655

Peripatos, the 469470, 587, 652

Persia 159, 185, 310, 393, 613

Persian 147, 176, 258, 267, 326, 418, 472474, 477478, 484, 490, 587, 591, 608, 612613, 636, 647, 652

Perugia 191

Phaedrus 16

Pharsalia 7576

Pheidias 1, 112, 126, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 295, 452, 467, 484, 485, 486, 487, 523, 552, 553, 600, 638. See also Phidias

Phidias 101, 241, 245, 247, 248, 353, 523, 553. See also Pheidias

philhellenes 11, 15, 52, 5556, 90, 125, 174, 251, 259, 262, 267268, 270, 280281, 285, 288293, 296297, 300301, 312, 318, 320, 323324, 326, 329, 346, 356, 371, 401, 415416, 421, 557, 585, 687

philhellenism 11, 14, 50, 52, 68, 216, 253, 272, 383, 395, 398, 597

Philiki Etairia 253254

Philomuse Society 52, 254, 387

Philopappos 43, 124, 284, 289, 305, 343, 376, 389, 732

Phoenicians 550

Pindar 35, 244, 732

Piraeus, the 75, 290, 337, 339, 356, 414, 638, 671, 673, 687, 739

Pittakis, Kyriakos 57, 125, 271, 350, 372, 386, 452455, 460, 465, 491, 493

Plato 16, 51, 58, 60, 128, 139, 193, 215, 218, 222, 248, 343, 355, 484, 486, 514515, 542, 547548, 553, 575, 620, 734735, 739

Pliny 202, 245, 317, 530

Plutarch 214, 447, 588, 740

Pnyx 70, 102, 259, 285, 438, 452, 516

Poland 176, 327

Poles 395

Polycleitos 240

Pompeii 554557, 559

Poros 267, 311, 317, 327, 343

Porte, the 95, 97, 145, 157, 159160, 163165, 172, 274, 314, 325, 396, 402, 432, 673, 679686, 692695, 705, 708709, 713714, 716720, 722, 727729

Portico, the 37, 353355, 733

prisoner 4, 150, 161163, 256, 261, 263, 265, 295, 302, 381, 383384, 493, 595, 608609, 611, 710712

Propylaia 26, 40, 43, 133134, 190, 256, 283, 344, 371, 439, 448, 455, 469, 489490, 492, 496, 502, 508, 523, 525, 628, 631638, 646, 670, 676, 701

Protestant 49, 56, 207, 518, 532, 539, 564

Protestant Reformation 49, 56

Providence 8, 137138, 211, 223224, 319, 376, 414, 420, 424, 524526, 535, 541, 546, 550, 552, 555, 557, 559, 561562, 688, 721723

Providentialism 136, 211

Prussia 8, 154, 382

Prussian 264, 316, 320, 605, 617618, 709

Ptolemy 193

Pythagoras 190, 737

Quinet, Edgar 147, 296, 309, 319, 333334, 340343, 355, 363, 365, 377, 394, 526

Qur’an 51

Ravelaki, Pietro 43, 266267

Reformation 49, 56, 202, 204, 209, 349, 561, 564

Renaissance 3, 85, 100, 148, 210, 225, 579, 647

Renan, Joseph Ernest 126, 228, 519, 565569

Rigny, Henri de 179, 280, 295, 297, 300, 302, 384, 414, 696, 703

Robertson, William 218, 222, 347, 453454, 527, 607

Rodd, Rennell 74, 243244

Romaic 52, 356

Roman Catholic 44, 4850, 56, 65, 69, 73, 88, 199200, 203205, 208, 320, 414, 526527, 529, 533534, 539, 552, 566, 656

Romania 7, 316, 320, 700

Romantic xii, xv

Romantic era xii

romanticism 11, 56, 182, 185, 213, 238239, 241, 244, 247, 249250, 377, 469, 488, 528, 552, 600, 651, 656, 670671

Rome 33, 44, 108, 136, 139, 141, 228, 231, 244, 354, 539, 554, 559, 561, 571, 582, 594, 607, 616, 628, 642645, 676

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 567

Russia 89, 34, 119, 172, 253, 263, 302, 305306, 310, 324, 327328, 382, 393, 395396, 406407, 410, 419, 437, 704, 709

Russian 48, 50, 145, 170, 263, 352, 395396, 407, 467, 608, 705, 709

Salamis 32, 35, 258, 290, 299, 310, 339, 343, 398, 418, 588, 633, 636637, 650

Samothrace 591, 630

Schliemann, Heinrich 483, 495496

Scotland 22, 175, 218, 400, 423, 432, 534, 541

Scottish xiii, 49, 222, 350, 415, 422, 522, 706

sculpture xiii, 38, 49, 5557, 87, 108109, 112113, 130, 186, 240, 242, 247, 249, 344, 353, 406, 426, 431435, 465, 472, 475, 485486, 488, 506, 639, 644, 670, 672, 676, 684

Second World War 254, 345, 616618, 622, 631, 647

Selim III 156

Senior, Nassau William 139, 225, 333, 508

Seraglio, the 159160, 162, 294

Serbia 7

Serpenji 25, 3435, 41, 259, 300, 346, 386, 388

Shakespeare, William 126, 136, 205

Shia 159

Sicily 52, 84, 105, 108, 114, 124, 148, 388, 557

Sinai 254, 456, 520, 522, 530, 545

Slade, Adolphus 331, 391, 408, 442, 449450

Smyrna 53, 76, 7879, 89, 91, 105, 127, 132, 142, 146, 226, 261, 309, 324, 326, 328329, 450, 470, 559, 575, 577, 670, 699, 707708

Smythe, Percy, 6th Viscount Strangford 72, 143, 146, 154, 166, 169, 171172, 262, 265266, 274275, 327, 381, 414, 432, 450451, 679681, 683684, 692, 707, 720

Socrates 16, 53, 101, 127, 186, 190, 193, 222, 248, 351, 542, 547551, 553, 620, 731, 734735

Socratic 247, 553

Sophocles 128, 468, 497, 516, 577, 600, 604, 732, 735

Spain 105, 124, 129, 154, 398, 531, 603, 664

Spanish 30, 45, 80, 292, 296, 384

Sparta 72, 147, 198, 210, 508, 616617, 619, 622

Spartan 73, 317, 599, 610, 616619, 621

Spon, Jacob 83, 86, 124, 183190, 192199, 201209, 211212, 214, 217, 219, 234, 242, 439, 484, 529, 533, 579

Stähelin, Andreas 251, 262, 264, 269

Stanhope, John Spencer 106107, 113, 174, 383384

statues 8, 13, 49, 51, 53, 87, 136, 184, 189, 199200, 234, 239, 244, 247, 249, 308, 322, 351352, 365368, 405, 433, 439440, 450, 452, 467468, 472474, 476, 481, 486487, 559560, 600601, 605, 628629, 635636, 641642, 645, 651, 655, 657, 664, 733735

St Clair, William xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, 1, 6, 15, 21, 24, 27, 31, 57, 65, 70, 124, 126127, 141, 151, 167, 181, 190, 192, 213, 235, 237, 251, 277, 287, 305, 315, 319320, 337, 359, 370, 379, 393, 411, 427, 437, 513, 585, 607, 614, 625, 655, 661, 679, 685, 691, 707, 731

Lord Elgin and the Marbles xiii, 49, 57, 70, 370, 661

Reading Nation in the Romantic Period, The xiv, 235

That Greece Might Still Be Free xiii, 15, 167, 251, 319320

Stewart, Robert, Viscount Castlereagh 146, 166, 169, 172

Stoics 513, 573, 732

storks xv, 19, 5861, 218, 342, 353357, 480, 494

St Petersburg 169, 264, 467, 476

Strabo 202, 207, 575

Strasburg 267

Stuart and Revett 23, 26, 4648, 64, 75, 131, 137, 326, 387, 389, 464, 645, 670

Swedish 111, 312, 549

Swiss 251, 262, 264, 353, 361, 589, 612

Switzerland 208, 278, 285, 317, 374

Symonds, John Addington 551, 563

Syria 43, 93, 104, 113, 116, 118, 127, 148, 316, 344, 408, 539, 614

Tertullian 56, 140, 555

Thebes 30, 59, 253, 306, 355

Themistocles 54, 66, 253, 418, 452, 650, 732, 735

Theophrastus 233, 461, 516

Thermopylae 141, 610, 617

Theseion 43, 47, 70, 79, 124125, 139, 267268, 360362, 387, 452, 489, 515, 676, 732

Thessaloniki 79, 110, 153, 169, 259, 274, 281, 405, 554, 603

Thessaly 75, 130, 506507

Third Reich 602, 604, 616, 622

Thrassylos, Monument of 35, 43, 182, 189, 362, 385386, 388, 390, 421, 676

Thucydidean 13, 267, 269270, 514, 577, 712

Thucydides 32, 175, 215, 264, 269, 314, 316317, 439, 462, 483, 540541, 599, 616, 637, 736

Trojan war 233

Troy 22, 102, 190, 245, 289, 483

Tunis 81, 171, 190, 328

Turner, J.M.W. 25, 80, 93, 123, 480, 613, 675

UNESCO 427, 631, 658

Urquhart, David 92, 178179, 233234, 278, 292, 401408, 411, 420

Venetian 40, 51, 54, 89, 126, 144145, 192, 265, 439, 459, 492

Venice 5253, 79, 120, 132, 137, 168, 185, 194, 265, 309, 326, 438, 496, 631, 638639, 731

Vernon, Francis 124, 126, 183, 185, 195, 198, 207

Versailles 231, 321322

Vienna 9, 52, 153, 166, 169, 309, 326, 338, 360, 382, 519

Congress of 382

viewer xiv, 45, 1113, 18, 2526, 41, 44, 74, 84, 8687, 109110, 116, 120, 130131, 158, 160, 181, 195, 216, 219220, 226227, 229, 232, 237239, 242244, 246, 249, 322, 334, 348, 352, 367, 389, 437, 439, 445446, 449, 456, 458459, 469470, 472, 475, 482, 484, 488, 490, 496, 501502, 511, 514515, 522, 527, 537539, 541, 543, 559, 562, 592, 594, 596, 598, 627628, 631, 633, 640641, 643, 646649, 656, 672

viewing xiv, 56, 9, 1214, 17, 21, 24, 29, 36, 38, 41, 43, 50, 5657, 60, 62, 72, 98, 100103, 113116, 118, 124, 136, 146, 164165, 181, 209, 215, 218220, 223227, 229, 232, 238, 240241, 253, 258, 280, 282, 284, 288, 292, 306, 316, 341342, 354355, 362, 364, 372, 375, 377, 380, 389, 409, 438, 442, 446, 457, 466, 468469, 478, 480, 500, 510511, 516517, 520521, 525, 527, 535, 538539, 565, 568, 576, 579, 581, 592, 595, 603, 607, 620621, 625628, 633, 636, 638641, 643, 652, 659, 691, 699700, 710, 713, 716717, 719

Virgil 105, 125

Virgin Mary 199

Volney, Count, Constantin-François Chassebœuf 229231, 396, 398

Waddington, George 252, 260, 271, 282, 356, 519, 561

Walsh, Robert 65, 91, 159162, 262, 266267, 325, 381, 400, 414, 683684

ways of seeing 3, 27, 36, 62, 81, 88, 126, 183, 185, 191192, 195, 199, 204, 225, 229, 231, 235, 238, 240, 243, 246, 274, 442, 469, 503, 506, 533, 539, 627, 641, 644, 652, 675, 677

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of 419

Westphalian 144, 306

Wheler, George 1, 3, 27, 47, 92, 124, 135, 138, 183, 185, 189, 192, 195, 197198, 203205, 209, 211212, 237239, 439

Whitehead, William 102, 616

Williams, Hugh William ‘Grecian’ 53, 137, 241, 433

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim 87, 216, 243, 435, 482, 644

Wolfensberger, Johann Jakob 284285, 353354, 361365, 374375

women

besieged in the Acropolis 259

defending the Acropolis 29, 252, 588

enslaved 11, 15, 7577, 142, 145146, 151, 163, 262, 264265, 278, 323324, 326327, 330331, 350, 384, 429, 707, 709711

killed 265, 282, 320, 345, 588

rape of 278, 282, 350

refugees 316318

self-immolation 279, 331, 381

survivors of Acropolis siege 261262, 270, 297, 299, 317, 322, 329, 344

visitors to Greece 81, 114, 534

Woods, Joseph 30, 4041, 48, 67, 73, 113, 131, 137, 253254, 396, 464465

Woolf, Virginia 135

Wrede, Walther 597

Xenophon 547

Yemen 176

Youssouf, Bey 305310, 332

Zeno 542, 731, 739

Zeus 43, 7071, 186, 190, 192193, 205, 221, 457, 459, 520, 524, 553554, 606, 733735, 739

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