Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA) 155–156, 165, 172
Académie Française 243
adaptation 27, 82, 89, 99–100, 107, 109, 119, 121–122, 228, 238
Æthelweard 56
Africa 4, 10, 40, 77, 111, 124, 137, 160, 210, 230
AI. See artificial intelligence (AI)
Akbar, Emperor 120
Aldrin, Buzz 38
A Level (UK) 185
Alf layla wa-layla. See Arabian Nights, The
alienation 70
Al-Māwardī 116
alphabets 19, 81, 139, 140, 142, 196. See also script
Altshuler, Michael 26
Alzheimer’s disease. See dementia
Anglophone 3, 8, 137, 207, 211, 243
animal communication 226–228, 250
anthropology 18, 45, 47–63, 231
Appalachia 61
Arabian Nights: Sinbad’s Adventures (film) 122
Arabian Nights, The 114, 117, 119–122, 130
Arabic 7, 12, 19, 29, 77–79, 81, 109–110, 116–117, 119–121, 123–126, 130, 139, 145, 182, 250
Arab-Israeli conflicts 90
Aristotle 37
Armstrong, Neil 38
artificial intelligence (AI) 5, 37
ATTA (Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults). See Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA)
Atwood, Margaret 57
Australia 29
authentic text 165
Aymara 29
Aztecs 55
Babalolá, Lékan 39
Balinese 117
Barnes, Julian 112, 114–115, 118
England, England 112, 114, 118
Barth, John 122
Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor, The 122
Bassa 226
Baudelaire, Charles 39
‘Élévation’ 39
Beckett, Samuel 97
Ghost Trio 97
Beethoven, Ludwig van 97
Ghost Trio 97
behaviourism 224
Bell, Currer 136
Bengali 70, 73, 77, 82, 145, 182, 208–210
Benhamou, Jessica 214
bilingualism 2, 4–5, 21, 29, 110, 133, 153, 156, 170, 178, 205, 208, 210, 213
biocultural diversity 47–63, 67
biodiversity ix, 47–63, 125, 231, 249
BirdLife International 61
birds 27, 47, 50, 53, 54, 56, 156, 172, 173, 190, 191, 227. See also naming: of birds
yellowhammers 228
Birksted-Breen, Noah 88
Birmingham 19, 87–88, 102–104, 188, 190, 193–194, 231, 233–234
Birmingham Repertory Theatre 188, 190, 193–194
in the workplace 204
Borges, Jorge Luis 236
Boroditsky, Lera 28
‘How Languages Construct Time’ 28
borrowing. See linguistic borrowing
Brave New Voices (project) 182
British Academy 217
Born Global: Implications for Higher Education 217
Brontë, Charlotte 19, 131, 135–136
Jane Eyre 19, 131, 134–137, 148
Brown, Theodore L. 27
Bulletproof Monk (film) 117–118
C4 102
Calderón, Pedro 188
calque, calquing. See loan translation
Cambridge Handbook of Creativity, The 13
Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought, The 31
Cameron, David 10
Cangjie 55
Casasanto, Daniel 30
CEFR. See Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)
Chaucer 56
Cherry Orchard, The 97
Uncle Vanya 96
Ch’eng-en Wu 115
China 10, 55, 111, 113, 115–116, 120, 230
Chinese 10, 19, 52, 55, 79, 109–110, 112–121, 131, 136, 142, 207, 227, 230, 250
I-language and E-language 224
Christianity 115
Classic of Mountains and Seas 121
classroom language learning. See language learning: classroom language learning
cognition 26–29, 37, 47, 140, 157, 208, 223, 225–226
cognitive flexibility 160, 170
colonialism 9–10, 17, 59, 111, 230, 235, 242
Commedia. See Dante: Divine Comedy
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) 165
conlangs. See constructed languages
constructed languages 223, 236, 238
High Valyrian 238
Quenya 238
Sindarin 238
convergence. See language convergence
Côte d’Ivoire 160
Creative Commons licence 4
creative personality 157
creativity. Passim
general creativity 152–161, 165–166
linguistic creativity. Passim
Crystal, David 22, 177, 225, 230, 238–241
Language Play 238
culture. Passim
cultural change 58
cultural diversity 8, 48–49, 68, 181, 226, 264 and passim
cultural identity 11, 55, 226, 237 and passim
curiosity 151, 157–158, 164–165, 174, 209
Czech 77
Daily Mail 103
dancehall. See music: dancehall
Dani 226
Descent of Man, The 48
Dastān of Amīr Ḥamza. See Ḥamzanāma
Declaration of Belém 59
Defiance (series) 238
Devanagari 139
Devilman 102
Devine, George 98
Dewaele, Jean-Marc 159
dialect 5–6, 79, 81, 103, 133, 141, 178, 207, 227–230, 246
dictionary 33, 56, 132–133, 190, 205–207, 213, 218, 242–243
Digital Arts and Humanities Commons (DAHC) 143
digraphic languages 139
discourse analysis 58
diversity. See biocultural diversity; See biodiversity; See culture: cultural diversity; See language: diversity
Dizzee Rascal 102
Dollinger, Stephen 157
drama 17, 19, 87–105, 108, 144, 158, 181, 188–190, 192–197, 200, 213
Dudrah, Rajinder 88
Dungeons & Dragons 5
Dutch East India Company 111
East India Company 111
ecolinguistics 58
Edmondson, Willis 161
education 2, 3, 7, 8, 36, 71, 219, 234. See also language learning
emotions 1, 11, 29, 157–159, 164–166, 173–174, 180, 191, 239
England 5, 54, 69–70, 111–114, 118, 144, 151, 153, 158–159, 163, 188, 208
English 2–3, 7–12, 14–15, 17, 26, 28–29, 31–33, 35, 39–40, 42–43, 52–54, 56, 69–71, 73, 75–77, 79, 81–82, 92–93, 100, 109–114, 116–120, 122–123, 126, 132–134, 136–137, 139–140, 143–146, 151, 162, 177–178, 180, 182, 186–187, 189, 206–209, 211, 213, 216, 227, 229–230, 240, 242–243, 245, 250
Queen’s English 12
Scouse 5
Englishness 112
environment 5–6, 8, 16, 29, 36, 42, 47–63, 92, 120, 123, 157–158, 178, 217, 226–227, 231, 250
eponyms 53
Ethiopia 111
ethnobiology 59
Ethno-ornithology World Atlas (EWA) 18, 63, 67
etymology 34, 71–75, 206, 238, 250
Evans, Nicholas 58
Fairbanks Jr., Douglas 123
Faroese 73
Fauconnier, Gilles 31
Featherstone, Vicky 98
Feld, Steven 50
film 9, 17, 90, 92, 96, 99, 107, 116, 118, 122–123, 136, 200, 213–215, 222, 251
First International Congress of Ethnobiology 59
flexible thinking 158, 164, 166, 174
folklore 121
folk song. See music: folk song
food 8, 14–15, 57, 111, 116, 166–167, 185, 198, 213, 222, 242
foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) 159
foreign language enjoyment (FLE) 159
French 9–10, 12, 14, 17, 33, 52, 69, 73–77, 80–82, 110, 120–121, 124, 126, 132–133, 152–153, 160, 162, 165–166, 171, 174–175, 180–182, 185, 192, 195, 206–210, 214, 243, 250
Frisian 73
funk. See music: funk
games 5, 115, 117, 190, 192–196, 200, 238, 241
An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth 7
garage. See music: garage
Garbay, Bruno 175
Georgian 117
German 9–10, 14, 26, 32–33, 69, 71, 73, 75–81, 110, 126, 133, 136, 138, 144, 152–153, 165–167, 178, 186–187, 192, 206–209, 229, 240, 243, 250
Bavarian 5
gesture 16, 40, 97, 188, 189, 204, 233, 234. See also body language; See also sign language
Getty Research Institute 143
Ghetts 102
Gill, Sam 55
globalization 15, 129–130, 204, 208, 235
Google 224
grammar 58, 133, 153, 163–164, 211–213, 218, 236, 239, 241
universal grammar 224
graphic novel 122
Greaves, Kyle. See Ky’Orion
Greek 42, 77, 81, 120, 132, 137–138, 152, 227, 250
Green, Debbie Tucker 92
grime. See music: grime
Guo, Xiaoting 116
Ji Gong Quan Zhuan 115
Hale, Susan 55
Harry Potter. See Rowling, J. K.: Harry Potter
Haugen, Einar 55
‘Healthy Linguistic Diet’ 178, 208
heritage 6, 11, 29, 38, 40, 61, 69, 125, 160, 204, 209, 252
High Valyrian. See constructed languages: High Valyrian
Hildegard of Bingen 235
‘Lingua Ignota’ 235
Hindi 7, 9, 70, 73, 77, 117, 141, 144, 208, 250
Hinduism 115
hip-hop. See music: hip-hop
Ho, Chi Minh 140
Declaration of Independence 140
Hodgson, George 210
Holness, Joshua. See RTKal
‘Demain, dès l’aube’ 174
humour 134, 156, 173, 223–224, 238, 241
Hurricane Irma 174
Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ 116
Ibn al-Nadīm 120
al-Fihrist 120
iconicity 53
idiolect 230
imagination 29, 158–160, 164, 166, 174–175, 215, 219, 225, 237, 242
India 4, 9, 70, 111, 115, 120, 208, 230
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (film) 118
Indigenous peoples 49, 60–62, 231, 240
Industrial Revolution 230
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) 61
International Concrete Poetry movement 142
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 82
Internet 10, 27, 67, 92, 133, 204, 213, 224, 230, 238
interpretation 56, 58, 89, 92–93, 96–98, 133–134, 141, 207, 218, 222, 226, 243, 251
Ishiguro, Kazuo 141
Never Let Me Go 141
Italian 15, 69–70, 73–77, 80–81, 120, 136, 182, 186, 250
Italy 69
Japanese 15, 77–79, 120, 122–123, 140, 144, 152, 182, 186, 195, 207–208, 227, 240, 250
Ji Gong (character) 115, 116. See also Guo, Xiaoting: Ji Gong Quan Zhuan
Jme 102
Johnson, Mark 31, 37, 42. See also Metaphors We Live By
jungle. See music: jungle
Kalīla wa-Dimna. See Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ: Kalīla wa-Dimna
Kano 102
Kim, Myonghee 163
King, Stephen 99
Body, The 99
Kitāb Naṣīḥat al-mulūk 116
Krauss, Michael 60
Kuuk Thaayorre 29
Ladin 74
Lady Leshurr 102
Lady Sanity 87–88, 98, 100–101
Lakoff, George 31, 37, 42. See also Metaphors We Live By
language
difference. Passim
diversity ix, 1–4, 8, 18–19, 25, 30–31, 33, 46–50, 62, 67–68, 84, 87, 107, 124, 151, 177, 180–182, 203, 223, 225–227, 231, 235–236, 243, 249–250, and passim
extinction 59–60, 67, 228, 231
play 20, 177, 223, 239–240, 245
predictability across languages 75
revitalization 62
language borrowing 250
hidden resemblances between unrelated languages 76–77
Indo-Aryan languages 73
Indo-European languages 73–74, 77, 179–180, 236
Romance languages 73–76, 83, 186, 237
Slavonic languages 73
visualized through tree-diagrams 73, 179
language learning ix, 2, 8, 17, 19, 36, 83, 87, 151–188, 203–224, 246, 249
benefits of 151, 181, 205, 209
classroom language learning 151, 156
‘immersion’ 180
in the workplace 205
Language Lives 6–9, 12, 14, 109, 119, 137, 144, 151, 208–209, 214
language loss. See language: extinction
languages. See Afrikaans; Arabic; Balinese; Bassa; Bengali; Bulgarian; Catalan; Chinese; constructed languages; Czech; Dani; Danish; Dutch; English; Esperanto; Faroese; Farsi; French; Frisian; Friulian; Georgian; German; Greek; Gujarati; Hebrew; Hindi; Icelandic; Italian; Japanese; Korean; Latin; Malayalam; Maltese; Mandarin; Norwegian; Persian; Polish; Portuguese; Punjabi; Romanian; Russian; Sanskrit; Sardinian; Scots Gaelic; sign language; Spanish; Swahili; Swedish; Taiwanese; Tamil; Turkish; Urdu; Vietnamese; Welsh; Yoruba; Welsh
language teaching 22, 46, 151–176, 181, 185, 189, 192, 196, 205, 218
Latin 10, 26, 28–29, 32, 74, 81, 152, 206, 208–209, 227, 235, 242, 250
Lazare-Parris, Liam. See Stanza Divan
Leikin, Mark 153
Lethal Bizzle 102
Levant Company 111
Lewis, Brett 117
Limbu, Mukahang 144
lingua franca 3, 8, 10–11, 110, 210, 230, 235
Linguee 207
linguistic borrowing 16, 77, 80, 186, 227, 236, 250
linguistic creativity. Passim
linguistic diversity. See language: diversity
linguistic ecology. See language: ecology
linguistics 18, 30–31, 37–38, 42, 45, 47, 49, 52, 58, 60, 68, 225, and passim
literature
Caribbean 124
European 139
Francophone 124
national 129
non-European 140
postcolonial 124
post-Soviet 97
loanword. See linguistic borrowing
Luxmoore, Kate 39
Macfarlane, Robert 56
Magi: Adventure of Sinbad (film) 122
Mahfouz, Naguib 122
Layālī alf layla 122
Maltese 81
Mandarin 10, 28, 109–110, 144, 208
Martin, Chris 152
Martin, George R. R. 238
Song of Ice and Fire, A 238
Memrise 213
Mendelssohn, Felix 96
mentalese 228
metaphor 18–19, 25–43, 45–47, 56, 145, 162, 170, 191
Mexico 55
migration 17, 103, 125, 165, 229
Mill, John Stuart 159
‘What is Poetry?’ 159
Mississippi 61
Monkey King. See Sun Wukong
Monkey King, The (film) 117
monolingualism 4–5, 8, 70–71, 100, 128, 146, 153, 177–178, 205, 207–208, 230
Morris, Jackie 56
multilingualism. Passim
Multilingual Performance Project (MPP) 19, 181, 188–198, 200
music 41, 91–93, 96–98, 101–103, 105, 122, 134, 151, 175, 190, 214, 250–251
dancehall 102
folk song 40
funk 40
garage 102
grime 19, 87, 89, 102–103, 105
hip-hop 19, 87, 89, 93, 98, 100, 102–103, 105, 108
jungle 102
rap 19, 87, 89, 92–93, 96, 102–103
myth 16, 18, 55, 61, 116, 141, 191, 235, 252
nation 60, 113, 124, 141, 143, 230, 236
nationalism 8, 11, 59, 60, 69, 133, 139, 141, 143. See also literature: national
National Trust 57
Navajo 55
neologism 17, 27, 35, 53, 132, 147, 162, 205, 242–243
Nettle, Daniel 60
neural networks 208
neuroscience 37, 42, 141–143, 178, 226
New York Times 14
Nonuya 62
Occitan 74
Oeming, Michael Avon 117
onomatopoeia 53
openness 157–158, 160, 164, 166, 174, 209
opera 252
Ouyang, Wen-chin 110
Oxford 87
Oxford English Dictionary 206, 242–243
Oxford Junior Dictionary 56–57, 67
Oxford Spires Academy 132, 143–144, 147
Panchatantra. See Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ: Kalīla wa-Dimna
paralinguistics 204
Paran, Amos 161
performance 13–14, 19, 39–41, 87–105, 107, 188–192, 195, 216, 250
Persian 7, 81, 110, 116–117, 119–120, 135, 206
Art of Language Invention, The 238
Philippou, Eleni 138
Philombé, René 162
‘L’homme qui te ressemble’ 162
‘Philosophical Language’ 236. See also constructed languages
philosophy 29–30, 42, 45, 60, 101, 142, 159, 225, 236, 246
phonocentrism 142
Pilpay. See Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ: Kalīla wa-Dimna
Language Instinct, The 228, 246
Pinter, Harold 99
Cratylus 51
play. See language: play
Poe, Edgar Allen 122
‘Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade, The’ 122
poetry 26, 36–37, 39, 41, 45, 50, 91, 109, 131–134, 137, 139, 143, 145–146, 148, 158–162, 171, 174–176, 178, 180–185, 238–239, 241, 252
Polish 12, 70, 73, 138, 141, 145, 182, 210, 236
politeness 119
Pollack, John 241
Pun Also Rises, The 241
Portman, Natalie 152
portmanteau 53
Portuguese 70, 73–75, 77, 81–82, 136, 145, 152, 182, 250
predictability. See language: predictability across languages
Presnyakov Brothers 99
proto-Germanic 73
proto-Indo-European’ 73
Punch Records 88, 104, 233–234
Quenya. See constructed languages: Quenya
Racine, Jean 188
rap. See music: rap
Redgrave, Simon 88
register 5–6, 109, 112, 133, 178, 234
Robbins, Sherelle. See Lady Sanity
Rodríguez, Abel 62
Romaine, Suzanne 60
Romanian 70, 73–75, 77–81, 182
Romansh 74
Harry Potter 111, 114, 121, 152
Royal Court Theatre 90, 92, 98
Royal Society of Literature 145
Runco, Mark 157
Russia 73, 89–93, 100–101, 105–106, 146
Russian 19, 73, 77–81, 87, 89–93, 96, 98–101, 106–107, 222, 250
Russianness 100
Russian Revolution (1917) 90
Sardinian 74
Saussure, Ferdinand de 51–52, 68
Cours de linguistique générale 51
Scots Gaelic 70
script 19, 29, 81–82, 131, 139–143, 147, 194, 212, 238
cuneiform 54
Cyrillic 139
Hebrew 29
Runic 139
self-transcendence 157
semiotics 68
September 11 attacks 90
Seven Sieves 83
Shakespeare, William 40, 56, 90, 96, 112, 188, 240
Hamlet 96
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A 96
Tempest, The 96
Sigarev, Vasilii 99
Plasticine 99
sign language 16, 189–191, 234, 246, 250
British Sign Language 204, 233–234
Chinese Sign Language 204
Sinbad (film trilogy) 122
Sinbad the Sailor (film) 122–123
Sinbad: Legends of the Seven Seas (film) 122
Sindarin. See constructed languages: Sindarin
Skepta 102
Slash 102
Slovenian 69
Socrates 51
Soviet Union 91
Spanish 73–81, 126, 152, 181–182, 185–186, 192, 195, 207, 240, 250
speech community 4, 11, 16–17, 58, 229, 241–242
sport 213
Sputnik Theatre 100
standardization 11, 16, 133, 139, 141, 207, 229, 231, 234
Stanza Divan 87–88, 98, 100–101
Star Wars 242
Gangs, Signs & Prayer 102
storytelling 50, 116–117, 120, 122–123
Streets, The 102
Sudan 111
Sullivan, Irene 55
sustainability 1, 3, 58, 60, 62
Swain, Merrill 163
swear words 209
Swift, Jonathan 237
Gulliver’s Travels 237
synchronic 33
Tadjo, Véronique 160
‘Raconte-moi’ 160
Taiwanese 110
Tale of Genji, The 140
Tamil 9
Tang dynasty 115
Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria 62
Teatr.doc 90
technology 2, 5, 27–28, 37, 122, 142–143, 156, 172–173, 223, 230–231
Telegu 9
Terralingua 48
theatre. See drama
Thériault, Gilles-Claude 175
Thieberger, Nicholas 58
Thierry, Guillaume 30
Lord of the Rings, The 238
toponyms 53
Touch of Zen, A (film) 118
Tower of Babel 235
Trainspotting 99
transferable skills 203, 212, 214, 216–217, 240
translanguaging 124
translation ix, 3–4, 8, 15, 19, 32, 58, 80, 89, 92–93, 96, 99–102, 104, 109, 113, 120, 122–123, 129, 131–148, 180, 182, 200, 206–207, 213, 215, 217–218, 234, 246, 251
machine translation 217
prismatic translation 92, 131–148
translingualism 182
transmogrification 121
Trilla 102
Trinidad 40
Turkish 12, 117, 120, 140, 250
Turner, Mark 31
Ulster Scots 70
universal grammar. See grammar: universal grammar
unpredictability 158–159, 165–166
Urdu 117, 144–145, 182, 206, 208, 250
Vas’kovskaya, Irina 99
Virgil 26
Georgics 26
vocabulary 5, 16, 36, 46, 53, 58–59, 83, 152–153, 157, 161–166, 171, 196–197, 211, 213, 218, 226, 229, 236–237, 239–240
vocabulary development 162
Vyrypaev, Ivan 19, 87, 89–94, 96–98, 100
Oxygen 19, 87–98, 100–101, 104–105, 107–108
Warlpiri language 226
Weygandt, Susanna 96
Wiley 102
Wilkins, John 236
Wilson-Haughton, Reece. See Royalty
world literature. See literature: world
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 61
writing system. See script
Wuxia 118
Xuanzang 115
Yamlīkha 114
Yavapai 55
Yosemite 61
young learners 71, 151–167, 187
Zamenhof, Ludwik Lejzer 236
Zuckerberg, Mark 152