List of Illustrations
Introduction
I.1 |
My mother Ingrid (center in floral pink dress) poses with her mother, aunts, and sister at Timehri International Airport, Guyana in the 1970s, as she bade farewell to a sister who was leaving for Barbados. Persaud Family Collection. Courtesy of the author. CC BY 4.0. |
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I.2 |
Passenger list of the SS Empire Windrush, June 1948, The National Archives, Public Domain. |
Chapter 1
1.1 |
Keisha Scarville, After (Mom and Me), 2015, watercolor in archival inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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1.2 |
Keisha Scarville, Untitled #2 from the series, Mama’s Clothes, 2015, archival digital inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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1.3 |
Keisha Scarville, Untitled #1 from the series, Mama’s Clothes, 2015, archival digital inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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1.4 |
Keisha Scarville, Untitled #3 from the series, Mama’s Clothes, 2015, archival digital inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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1.5 |
Keisha Scarville, Veil #1 from the series, Mama’s Clothes, 2015, archival digital inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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1.6 |
Keisha Scarville, Veil #2 from the series, Mama’s Clothes, 2016, archival digital inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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1.7 |
Keisha Scarville, Untitled #5 from the series, Mama’s Clothes, 2016, archival digital inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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1.8 |
Keisha Scarville, Untitled #4 from the series, Mama’s Clothes, 2016, archival digital inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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1.9 |
Keisha Scarville, Untitled #8 from the series, Mama’s Clothes, 2016, archival digital inkjet print. © Keisha Scarville. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
Chapter 2
2.1 |
My mother Cita DeFreitas and grandmother Angela DeFreitas (nèe Vieira) in their home in Georgetown, Guyana, then British Guiana, ca. 1965. © DeFreitas Family Collection. Courtesy of Erika DeFreitas. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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2.2 |
A portrait of my grandmother Angela taken in British Guiana (year unknown). © DeFreitas Family Collection. Courtesy of Erika DeFreitas. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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2.3 |
My mother Cita in front of her house on Hadfield Street, Georgetown, Guyana, ca. 1965. © DeFreitas Family Collection. Courtesy of Erika DeFreitas. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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2.4 |
Undated letter from my grandmother to my mother, sent between 1973 to 1976. © DeFreitas Family Collection. Courtesy of Erika DeFreitas. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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2.5 |
Cita at a bed and breakfast in New Amsterdam, Guyana, ca. 1965. © DeFreitas Family Collection. Courtesy of Erika DeFreitas. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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2.6 |
My grandmother teaches women in her neighborhood in Georgetown the art of baking and icing cakes, ca. late 1960s. © DeFreitas Family Collection, Courtesy of Erika DeFreitas. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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2.7 |
My grandmother in Georgetown poses with a wedding cake she made and decorated, ca. late 1960s. © DeFreitas Family Collection, Courtesy of Erika DeFreitas. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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2.8 |
Erika DeFreitas, The Impossible Speech Act (detail), 2007, archival inkjet print. © Erika DeFreitas. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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2.9 |
Erika DeFreitas, The Impossible Speech Act (detail), 2007, archival inkjet print. © Erika DeFreitas. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
Chapter 3
3.1 |
Serena Hopkinson on a class trip to Trinidad in 1966 while she was a student at St. Joseph’s High School in Georgetown, Guyana. © Hopkinson Family Collection. Courtesy of Serena Hopkinson and Natalie Hopkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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3.2 |
Serena Hopkinson (far left) in 1967 with her fellow students at St. Joseph’s High School, Georgetown, Guyana. © Hopkinson Family Collection. Courtesy of Serena Hopkinson and Natalie Hopkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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3.3 |
Serena and Terrence Hopkinson on their wedding day in 1970 in Georgetown, Guyana. © Hopkinson Family Collection. Courtesy of Serena Hopkinson and Natalie Hopkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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3.4 |
Serena and Terrence Hopkinson in their first year in Toronto, Canada, 1970. © Hopkinson Family Collection. Courtesy of Serena Hopkinson and Natalie Hopkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
Chapter 4
4.1 |
Grace Aneiza Ali, at the Sea Wall, Georgetown, Guyana, 2014, digital photography. Photo by Candace Ali-Lindsay. © Grace Aneiza Ali. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
Chapter 5
5.1 |
Dominique Hunter, You Will Find Solace Here, 2016, digital collage. © Dominique Hunter. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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5.2 |
Dominique Hunter, Contemplating Strategies, 2017, digital collage. © Dominique Hunter. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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5.3 |
Dominique Hunter, Black Water Remedy, 2016, digital collage. © Dominique Hunter. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
Chapter 6
6.1 |
Anastacia Winters (b. 1947), Lethem, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Region Nine), Guyana. Khadija Benn, Anastacia Winters, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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6.2 |
Mickilina Simon (b. 1938), Tabatinga, Lethem, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Region Nine), Guyana. Khadija Benn, Mickilina Simon, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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6.3 |
Lillian Singh (b. 1962), Toka, North Rupununi, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo (Region Nine), Guyana. Khadija Benn, Lillian Singh, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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6.4 |
Violet James (b. 1952), Almond Beach, Barima-Waini (Region One), Guyana. Khadija Benn, Violet James, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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6.5 |
Violet James sifts rice with her neighbor in a traditional detached kitchen. Khadija Benn, Violet James, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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6.6 |
Surrounded by mementos in her living room, Lucille Beaton glances at the barrel sent by her son, who resides in Canada. Khadija Benn, Lucille Beaton, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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6.7 |
Lucille Beaton (b. 1937), Mabaruma, Barima-Waini (Region One), Guyana. Khadija Benn, Lucille Beaton, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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6.8 |
Agnes Phang (b. 1940), Mabaruma, Barima-Waini (Region One), Guyana. Khadija Benn, Agnes Phang, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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6.9 |
Yvonne Gomes (b. 1957), Mabaruma, Barima-Waini (Region One), Guyana. Khadija Benn, Yvonne Gomes, from the series Those Who Remain: Portraits of Amerindian Women, 2017, digital photography. © Khadija Benn. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
Chapter 7
7.1 |
The author, Ingrid Griffith (right) with her sister Dawn (left) and brother Oliver (center) in December 1968. © Griffith Family Collection. Courtesy of Ingrid Griffith. CC BY 4.0. |
Chapter 8
8.1 |
Grace Nichols with her daughter Lesley in Sussex, England in 1978—a year after her family migrated from to Guyana. Grace Nichols Family Collection. © Grace Nichols. Courtesy of Grace Nichols. CC BY 4.0. |
Chapter 9
9.1 |
Suchitra Mattai, Indentured (detail), 2016, ribbon, rope and string on vintage macrame, artificial plants, graphite, acrylic, watercolor. Photo by Wes Magyar. © Suchitra Mattai. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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9.2 |
Suchitra Mattai, Indentured II, 2016, vintage chair, thread. Photo by Wes Magyar. © Suchitra Mattai. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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9.3 |
Suchitra Mattai, Promised Land, 2016, video projection on furniture fragment. Photo by Wes Magyar. © Suchitra Mattai. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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9.4 |
Suchitra Mattai, Homeward Unbound, 2016, Sanskrit text, acrylic paint, graphite. Photo by Wes Magyar. © Suchitra Mattai. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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9.5 |
Suchitra Mattai, Misfit, 2016, bindis on vintage painting. Photo by Wes Magyar. © Suchitra Mattai. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
Chapter 10
10.1 |
Christie Neptune, Memories from Yonder, 2015, diptych of archival inkjet prints. © Christie Neptune. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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10.2 |
Christie Neptune, Memories from Yonder, 2015, diptych of archival inkjet prints. © Christie Neptune. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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10.3 |
Christie Neptune, video stills from Memories from Yonder, 2015, video, 4 mins. © Christie Neptune. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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10.4 |
Installation view of Christie Neptune’s, Memories from Yonder. Photo by Argenis Apolinario. Liminal Space, curated by Grace Aneiza Ali, Caribbean Cultural Center African Diaspora Institute (New York, NY), 17 June 2017–30 November 2017. © Caribbean Cultural Center African Diaspora Institute. CC BY-NC-ND. |
Chapter 11
11.1 |
Sandra Brewster, We Gather (animation still), included in A Trace | Evidence of Time Past, 2016–2017, charcoal on paper. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.2 |
The Bullen family in Guyana, 1963. Brewster Family Collection. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of Sandra Brewster. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.3 |
My mother Carmen Brewster (then Bullen) arrived in Canada in December 1968. Brewster Family Collection. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of Sandra Brewster. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.4 |
Sandra Brewster, Stabroek Market, from Place in Reflection, 2016, gel medium image transfer on wood panel. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.5 |
Sandra Brewster, Cathedral, from Place in Reflection, 2016, gel medium image transfer on wood panel. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.6 |
Granny and my cousin Tanya, 1974. Brewster Family Collection. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of Sandra Brewster. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.7 |
Pauline, Sharon, and Gloria, posing on a hill in the Guyana interior (unknown year). Brewster Family Collection. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of Sandra Brewster. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.8 |
Sandra Brewster, A Trace | Evidence of Time Past (installation view), 2017. Art Museum, University of Toronto Art Centre, Master of Visual Studies, University of Toronto, Canada. Photo by Toni Hafkenscheid. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.9 |
My sister Debbie (age three) and me (age five) in our house in Malvern, 1978. Brewster Family Collection. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of Sandra Brewster. CC BY-NC-ND. |
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11.10 |
Sandra Brewster, We Gather (animation still), included in A Trace | Evidence of Time Past, 2016–2017. Charcoal on paper. © Sandra Brewster. Courtesy of the artist. CC BY-NC-ND. |
Chapter 12
12.1 |
My grandmother, Miriam Angelina Wilkinson, and me visiting Brooklyn, New York in 1977. Personal collection of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. © Michelle Joan Wilkinson. Courtesy of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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12.2 |
Grandfather Charles Eric Wilkinson (unknown date). Personal collection of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. © Michelle Joan Wilkinson. Courtesy of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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12.3 |
View of house in East Coast Demerara, Guyana (unknown date). Personal collection of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. © Michelle Joan Wilkinson. Courtesy of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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12.4 |
This ca. 1954 plan for the house shows the allocation of rooms, including a verandah on the second floor. Photo by Walter Larrimore/NMAAHC. Personal collection of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. © Michelle Joan Wilkinson. Courtesy of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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12.5 |
Grandmother Miriam Angelina Wilkinson (unknown date). Personal collection of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. © Michelle Joan Wilkinson. Courtesy of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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12.6 |
Assortment of gold jewelry I inherited when Granny died in 1977. Photo by Walter Larrimore/NMAAHC. © Michelle Joan Wilkinson. Courtesy of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
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12.7 |
‘Michelle’ name plate gold chain, ca. 1983. Photo by Walter Larrimore/NMAAHC. © Michelle Joan Wilkinson. Courtesy of Michelle Joan Wilkinson. CC BY 4.0. |
Chapter 13
13.1 |
The passport page features the portrait of my father, Paul Kaladeen, who left Guyana (then British Guiana) in 1961. Maria del Pilar Kaladeen Family Collection. © Maria del Pilar Kaladeen. Courtesy of Maria del Pilar Kaladeen. CC BY 4.0. |
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13.2 |
My father’s return to Guyana in 2006 after forty-five years. Photo by David V. Y. Wallis. Maria del Pilar Kaladeen Family Collection. © Maria del Pilar Kaladeen. Courtesy of Maria del Pilar Kaladeen. CC BY 4.0. |