List of Illustrations
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Fig. 1 |
Anonymous artist after Gilbert Stuart, Portrait of George Washington (1801), reverse painting on glass, 1960.0569 A, Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library, Bequest of Henry Francis du Pont, Courtesy of Winterthur Museum. |
|
Fig. 2 |
Gilbert Stuart, Portrait of William Woollett (1783), oil on canvas, Tate Britain. Image by The Athenaeum, Wikimedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Woollett_by_Gilbert_Stuart_1783.jpeg. |
|
Fig. 3 |
Gilbert Stuart, Portrait of George Washington (1795–1796), oil on canvas, 1957.0857, Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library, Gift of Henry Francis du Pont, Courtesy of Winterthur Museum. |
|
Fig. 4 |
James Heath after Gilbert Stuart, Portrait of George Washington (1800), engraving, Library of Congress, Photographs and Prints Division, https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004667280/. |
|
Fig. 5 |
William Woollett after Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe (1776), engraving, 1966.0260 A, B, Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library, Museum purchase, Courtesy of Winterthur Museum, Photo funded by NEA. |
|
Fig. 6 |
Robert Dunkarton, after John Singleton Copley, Portrait of William Ponsonby, Earl of Bessborough (1794), mezzotint, Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Transfer from Harvard University, Gift of Gardiner Greene. © President and Fellows of Harvard College. |
|
Fig. 7 |
Cornelius Tiebout after Rembrandt Peale, Portrait of Thomas Jefferson (1800), stipple engraving, 1963.0060, Winterthur Museum Garden & Library, Museum purchase, Courtesy of Winterthur Museum, Photo funded by NEA. |
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Fig. 1 |
Henry Wallis, Chatterton (1856), Tate, image from Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Wallis_-_Chatterton_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg. |
|
Fig. 2 |
James Robinson, The Death of Chatterton, 1859, two hand-tinted albumen prints on paper, mounted on a stereograph card (front and back). Collection of Dr. Brian May, reproduced by kind permission. |
|
Fig. 3 |
An example of a Brewster-style stereoscope from around 1870, Museo della scienza e della tecnologia, Milano, CC-BY-SA-4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IGB_006055_Visore_stereoscopico_portatile_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg. |
|
Fig. 4 |
William Frederick Lake Price, Don Quixote in his Study, 1857, albumen silver print from glass negative, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, CC0 1.0, https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/271528. |
|
Fig. 5 |
Thomas Oldham Barlow (after Henry Wallis), The Death of Chatterton, 1860, Art Institute of Chicago, CCO Public Domain, https://www.artic.edu/artworks/148404/the-death-of-chatterton. |
|
Fig. 6 |
Wood engraving of Wallis’s Chatterton, in The National Magazine, edited by John Saunders and Westland Marston, 1 (1857), p. 33, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112109516473&view=1up&seq=49. |
|
Fig. 7 |
Edward Orme, after Henry Singleton, Death of Chatterton, 1794. Library of Congress. Public Domain, https://www.loc.gov/item/2003674219/. |
|
Fig. 8 |
Michael Burr, The Death of Chatterton, ca. 1860, Collection of Dr. Brian May, reproduced with kind permission. |
|
Fig. 9 |
A second version of The Death of Chatterton by Michael Burr, ca. 1860, Collection of Dr. Brian May, reproduced with kind permission. |
|
Fig. 10 |
An anonymous and undated carte de visite that closely resembles the Burr photograph in Figure 9, but which uses part of the text printed on the back of Robinson’s card (Figure 2). Collection of Anthony Hamber, CC BY. |
|
Fig. 11 |
Herbert Rose Barraud, photograph of Wilson Barrett as Chatterton at the Princess’s Theater, 1884, Guy Little Theatrical Photograph Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum, http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O227561/guy-little-theatrical-photograph-photograph-barraud-herbert-rose/. |
Chapter 6
Fig. 1 |
Ben-Hur Flour, advertisement by unknown creator (item held by the author). |
|
Fig. 2 |
An Advertisement Poster for Virginia Saffel Mercer’s Ben-Hur’s Show (author unknown), Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington Indiana. |
|
Fig. 3 |
Ben-Hur Klaw & Erlanger’s Stupendous Production, advertisement Poster (1901), Strobridge Lith. Co., Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2014635366/. |
|
Fig. 4 |
Ben-Hur’s Play Program (author unknown), Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. |
|
Fig. 5 |
Ben-Hur Souvenir Album (author unknown), Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. |
|
Fig. 6 |
Ben-Hur Souvenir Album (author unknown), Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. |
|
Fig. 7 |
An Advertisement for a Ben-Hur Magic-Lantern Slides Lecture (1896, author unknown), Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. |
|
Fig. 8 |
An Advertisement for a Ben-Hur Magic-Lantern Slides (author unknown), Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. |
|
Fig. 9 |
Frank Weeks and Nannie Preston, Six Slides from Riley Brothers’ Ben-Hur Set (1896), Museum of PRECINEMA — Minici Zotti Collection, Padua, Italy. |
|
Fig. 10 |
An Advertisement for the Riley Brothers’ Ben-Hur Slides, in Lew Wallace’s Papers with the Slide List Marked in Red (author unknown, 1896), Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington Indiana. |
|
Fig. 11 |
A Reproduction of the Riley Brothers’ Ben-Hur Slides Set as it Appeared in an Advertisement Submitted to the Court (author unknown, 1896), Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. |
Chapter 7
Fig. 1 |
John Moran, [James S. Earle & Son, looking glasses, 816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia] (Philadelphia, ca. 1861). Library Company of Philadelphia, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/digitool%3A100622. |
|
Fig. 2 |
Julio Rae, Rae’s Philadelphia Pictorial Directory & Panoramic Advertiser. Chestnut Street, from Second to Tenth Streets, 900 block Chestnut Street (Philadelphia: Julio Rae, 1851). Library Company of Philadelphia, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/digitool%3A123507. |
|
Fig. 3 |
William Boell, View of Chestnut Street Between 8 & 9 Sts. (South Side,) Philadelphia (Philadelphia: W. Boell, 1860). Color lithograph. Bc 87 C 525a, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. |
|
Fig. 4 |
Example of types of frames and engravings sold by Philadelphia frame makers/picture dealers. William Overend Geller after Baron André-Edouard Jolly, Franklin at the Court of France, 1778 (Philadelphia: William Jay, Charles J. Hedenberg and William H. Emerson, 1853). Hand-colored engraving on woven paper in gilded, wood frame. Gift of Mr. & Mrs. Donald F. Carpenter, 1980.0042 A B, Courtesy of Winterthur Museum. |
|
Fig. 5 |
Rosa Bonheur, The Horse Fair (New York: Publ. by J. M. Emerson & Co., 1859). Printed by Sarony, Major & Knapp. Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/pga.02615/. |
|
Fig. 6 |
C. Burt after Richard Caton Woodville, The Card Player (New York: American Art Union, 1850). Library Company of Philadelphia, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/digitool%3A130650. |
|
Fig. 7 |
Page 18 of Charles Frederick Bielefeld, Illustrated Tariff of the Improved Papier-Mâché Picture Frames (London, ca. 1847). Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1940, https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/334058. |
|
Fig. 8 |
Julio Rae, Rae’s Philadelphia Pictorial Directory & Panoramic Advertiser. Chestnut Street, from Second to Tenth Streets, 800 block Chestnut Street (Philadelphia: Julio Rae, 1851). Library Company of Philadelphia, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora%3A61652. |
|
Fig. 9 |
Alfred Jones after Francis William Edmonds, Sparking (New York: American Art Union, 1844). Courtesy of American Antiquarian Society, https://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=357812. |
|
Fig. 10 |
Christian Inger, Washington’s Triumphal Entry into New York, Nov. 25th, 1783 (Philadelphia: Published by William Smith, 1860). Printed in oil colors by P.S. Duval & Son. Copyright by G. T. Perry. Library Company of Philadelphia, https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/digitool%3A127816. |
|
Fig. 11 |
Alphonse Bigot, Washington’s Grand Entry into New York, Nov. 25th, 1783 (New York: Published by John Smith, 1860). Chromolith. By T. Sinclair. From The New York Public Library, http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5e66b3e8-a61e-d471-e040-e00a180654d7. |
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Fig. 1 |
The Quadrant, Regent Street, 1852, City of Westminster Archives Centre. |
|
Fig. 2 |
Metropolitan Railway, Baker Street Station, c.1864, City of Westminster Archives Centre. |
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Fig. 1 |
Howland Brothers, United States Patent Office, Washington (1840), engraving included in Titian Ramsay Peale Album, Washington, D.C., Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History, Photographic History Collection, catalog number PG.66.25A.24, https://ids.si.edu/ids/delivery Service?max=800&id=NMAH-ET2017-14021-000001. |
|
Fig. 2 |
Alexander Walcott patent model camera (1840) and photographer John Paul Caponigro’s iPhone (about 2009), catalog numbers PG.000697 and 2012.0049.13, https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=800&id=NMAH-ET2012-14187. |
|
Fig. 3 |
Meade Brothers, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (1848), daguerreotype, catalog number PG.000953, https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=800&id=NMAH-2009-10914-000001. |
|
Fig. 4 |
John Moffat, William Henry Fox Talbot (1864), carte-de-visite, catalog number PG.000227, https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=800&id=NMAH-AHB2020q046154. |
|
Fig. 5 |
Abraham Bogardus, Samuel F.B. Morse (1871), mounted photograph on cardstock, catalog number PG.000006. Note, Morse is depicted with the camera (turned on its side) seen in Fig. 6, https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=800&id=NMAH-AHB2020q046158. |
|
Fig. 6 |
George W. Prosch, Morse’s Daguerreotype Camera (1839), catalog number PG.000004, https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=800&id=NMAH-2003-36149. |
|
Fig. 7 |
Walter Johnson, Philadelphia Exchange (1840), daguerreotype, catalog number PG.000167, https://ids.si.edu/ids/delivery Service?max=800&id=NMAH-JN2020-00034-000001. |
|
Fig. 8 |
Frederick Langenheim, William Langenheim (1840s), calotype, catalog number PG.003864.12, https://ids.si.edu/ids/delive ryService?max=800&id=NMAH-JN2020-00037-000001. |
|
Fig. 9 |
Unidentified maker, Frederick Langenheim (1840s), daguerreotype, catalog number PG.000203, https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=800&id=NMAH-JN2020-00037-000001. |
|
Fig. 10 |
Frederick Langenheim, Photographic Pictures on glass, patent number 7754 (19 November 1850), wooden frame with attached Patent Office tag and albumen photograph on glass, catalog number PG.000887, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1022700. |
|
Fig. 11 |
Frederick Langenheim and Alexander Beckers, Buildings on the East Side of Broadway (1848–1849), waxed paper negative, catalog number PG.000526, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1399434. |
|
Fig. 12 |
William Henry Fox Talbot, Patent 5171 for Improvement in Photographic Pictures (26 June 1847), calotype catalog number PG.000890. Note the stamp on left, https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=PG.000890. |
|
Fig. 13 |
William and Frederick Langenheim, Envelope (1849), catalog number PG.003864.33, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1971477?q=PG.003864.33&record=1&hlterm=PG.003864.33. |
|
Fig. 14 |
Unidentified maker (possibly Mathew Brady), Negative of Unidentified sitters, late 1850s to early 1860s, ambrotype, catalog number PG.75.17.892, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1971422. |
|
Fig. 15 |
Unidentified maker (possibly Mathew Brady), Positive of Unidentified sitters, late 1850s to early 1860s, ambrotype, catalog number PG.75.17.892, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1971422. |
|
Fig. 16 |
Cutting and Bradford, James Ambrose Cutting (about 1858), photolithograph, included in Peale’s album, catalog number PG.66.21.55, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1403396?q=PG.66.21.55&record=1&hlterm=PG.66.21.55. |
|
Fig. 17 |
John Wood, The US Capitol Under Construction (July 1860), salted paper print, included in Peale’s album, catalog number PG.66.21.58, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1403399. |
|
Fig. 18 |
Titian Ramsay Peale, White House Portico, Albumen, 12’ exposure 4pm TRP (A drop of perspiration on the portico!) (1850s) salted paper print, included in included in Peale’s album, catalog number PG.66.21.23, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1403377?q=number+PG+66.21.23&record=1&hlterm=number%2BPG%2B66.21.23. |
|
Fig. 19 |
Spooner Brothers, Patent model for 15497 for Photographic Pictures on Glass, Coloring (5 August 1856), ambrotype, catalog number PG.000817, http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=PG.000817. |
|
Fig. 20 |
Spooner Brothers, Patent model for number 15497, Detail of Cutting patent notification (5 August 1856), brass mat over ambrotype glass plate negative, catalog number PG.000817, http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=PG.000817. |
|
Fig. 21 |
Peter Neff, William Neff (1856), melainotype (tintype), catalog number PG.000183, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_751624. |
|
Fig. 22 |
Mathew Brady, Abraham Lincoln (1860), carte-de-visite, Washington, D.C., Library of Congress, LC-MSS-44297-33-001, https://www.loc.gov/item/mss4429700001/. |
|
Fig. 23 |
Currier & Ives, Hon. Abraham Lincoln, Our Next President (1860), lithograph, Washington, D.C., Library of Congress, LC-USZC2-2593, https://www.loc.gov/item/2002695894/. |
|
Fig. 24 |
Thomas Barbour, Patent model 61,139, Four Lens Tintype Camera (15 January 1867), catalog number PG.001041, https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmah_1101428. |
|
Fig. 25 |
Thomas Barbour, Multiple images of portrait of girl made with Barbour’s four lens tintype camera (1866–1867), tintype, catalog number PG.001041A, http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=PG.001041A. |
|
Fig. 26 |
Scovill Manufacturing Co. Abraham Lincoln/Hannibal Hamlin (1860), tintype political campaign pin, Washington, D.C., Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History, Division of Work & Industry, catalog number 1981.0296.1295, http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=1981.0296.1295. |
|
Fig. 27 |
Douglass F. Maltby, Specifications for Patent Number 29652 Button (14 August 1860), patent drawing specifications, Washington, D.C., United States Patent and Trademark Office, https://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=00029652. |
|
Fig. 28 |
Unidentified maker, Samuel Peck and his second wife (about 1847), daguerreotype, catalog number PG.75.17.931, http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=PG.75.17.931. |
|
Fig. 29 |
Samuel Peck, Case interior showing list of Peck’s case patents (late 1860s), interior of open case, catalog number PG.75.17.798, http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=PG.75.17.798. |