Index

Abedzadeh, Ali Asghar 59

ablution space 14, 19, 21

Abu Hanifa 34

Abu Yousuf 34

Adawi kilim 75

Adie, Kate 207

’adiyat of Aleppo 96

adjacency 35–36, 38–40, 155

affective attributes 132

Africa 2, 28, 32, 44, 76, 112, 133, 163, 167, 176, 220

African continent 127

agreement 92, 195

Ainksiba 135–136

Akcija Sarajevo 210

Akhmimi 75

Al-Aragoz 76

Al-Baroudi al-Hanafi, Muhammad bin Hussain 31, 33–38

Al-Baroudi, Hussain bin Ibrahim 33

Al-Baroudi, Ibrahim 33

Al-Baroudi, Muhammad bin Hussain bin Ibrahim 33

Aleppo 94–96, 100

Algeria 2, 5, 41, 127–128, 132

Algiers 3, 30, 128, 133, 167, 222

Al-Hilaly Epic. See Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah

Ali Bey 33

Al-Khonji projects 107, 119, 122

Al-Maimani, Ahood Abdullah 107, 109–110, 112–113, 116–117, 120

Al-Mrah village 94

Al-Qudood Al-Halabia 96

Alsaltaneh, Etemado 58

Al-Samah Sufi dance 96

Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah 76–77

Al-Siyabi, Badriya 120

Amakusa 6, 145–146, 149, 151, 153–156, 158

Amazigh tribe 72

Anderson, Benedict 214

imagined political community 214

anthropology 82, 146–147, 164

antiquities 77, 98

Antofagasta 185, 188

Appleyard, Donald 132

appropriation 94, 105, 130, 146, 173–174, 182, 189, 195

Arab 3, 5, 28, 32, 75–76, 89, 99, 107–108, 111–112, 127, 133, 138, 140–141

Arab-Andalusian heritage 138, 140–141

Arabic 29, 31–33, 41, 72, 75, 89, 93–95, 171

calligraphy 75

fluidity of 75

region 89

Arabised Berbers 12

Arab Peninsula 76

archaeological sites 5, 93, 128

archaeology 5, 77, 93, 103, 117, 127–128, 130, 145, 164, 191–192

architectural heritage 6, 11, 114, 128, 141

architecture 1–6, 11–12, 22, 28, 30–32, 34, 40–43, 51, 59, 63–64, 95–96, 109–110, 114, 121, 128–129, 133, 138, 140–141, 145, 148, 155, 158, 163–164, 166–167, 169, 178, 192

artefacts 4–5, 50, 53, 77, 80, 82, 85, 92, 131, 135, 156–157

artisan 71, 79, 83

artisanal 12

artisanship 52

Asala 98

Ashkenazi Synagogue 206

Ashura 16–17, 58, 60

Asian 71, 116

assassination 206

Assiut 75

Aswan 79

Austro-Hungarian Empire 206

authenticity 1, 7, 71, 73, 84, 98, 104, 106–107, 113–114, 120, 169–170, 177–185, 189–190, 192–193, 195–196

authentic value 106, 113–114

Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD) 90

Azm Palace 94

Baladi 98

Bani Hilal 76

barn 13, 15, 19–21, 23

Batna 135

bazaars 57–58, 63, 91

beams 34, 36–40, 192

Bedouin tribes 72, 76

Beit Ajqbash 95

Belgium 71

beneath the land 2, 11, 13, 15, 24

Beni Zelten 2, 11–12, 22, 24–25

Berber 133

Beylic 33

Book of the Walls 29, 34

Borbor 63

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2, 6–7, 201–204, 206, 208, 210–215, 220

Bosniaks 208, 211–214

Bosnian 201–202, 204, 206–216

Bosnian Catholic 208

Bosnian Muslim 207–208

Bosnian Orthodox 208

Bosnian Serb Army 208

Bosnian War 202, 207–208

botanical garden 202, 205–206

breadmaking 16–17

brick 35–36, 109, 155

British 79, 109, 166

buildings 1, 5, 7, 28–29, 34–35, 38, 40–41, 43, 51, 54, 57–59, 63–64, 81, 90, 96, 106, 109, 111, 114, 117–118, 120–121, 133, 138, 140–141, 145, 148, 155, 168, 171, 173, 183, 188–191, 195

built environment 29, 50–51, 56–57, 59, 63–64, 166, 168, 173–174

built framework 1, 11

Busuladžić, Adnan 209

Cabeza, Ángel 181

Caesarea Mauretaniae 133

Cairo 31, 71–72, 74, 77–78, 94

campaign 98, 210–211

canton 208–209, 211

capitalism 165

cardboard 32

carving 74

Cathedral of the Heart of Jesus 205

Catholic churches 6, 147, 155, 157, 159

celebration 58, 75, 79, 92, 97

Cheikh al-Islam 33

Cherchell 5, 127–130, 133–135, 141

Chile 2, 6–7, 177, 180–181, 184–186, 188–190, 192–193, 195

Christian 75, 146–158, 166

city 1, 3–6, 24, 27–32, 40–43, 49–51, 54, 56–65, 71, 73–74, 77, 91, 94–97, 100, 103–105, 109, 127–130, 132–135, 141, 154, 156–157, 164, 166–169, 175, 185, 187

civilisations 69–70, 78, 84, 108, 114, 127, 133, 140, 148, 166, 207

civilising mission 166

clay 36, 109, 117

code 3, 15, 29, 41–44

cognitive appraisal 137

collective imagination 204, 215–216

collective memory 3–4, 6, 61, 89, 145

colonial heritage 138, 140–141

colonialism 133–136, 138–141, 164–168, 171–175

common activities 17, 19, 21, 23

communal identities 4, 71

community 4–6, 11–12, 23, 25, 30, 49–50, 52–56, 59, 65, 69–70, 72, 77–81, 83–85, 89, 91–92, 94–95, 97–100, 103–107, 111–112, 116–119, 121–122, 145–148, 150–158, 181, 184, 194

community-based exhibitions 83

confrarias 151. See also kumi

connection 23, 34–41, 53–54, 56, 58, 60, 91, 104, 115, 195

conservation 5–7, 42, 53–54, 95, 106, 113, 117–120, 122, 127, 129, 177–179, 181–183, 189–196

conservation works 7, 177–178, 182, 189, 192–194, 196

Constitution of BiH 209

constitutive peoples 208, 212, 214

construction technique 1, 6, 11, 29, 33, 141

contiguity 28, 32, 35, 42

continuity 53, 59, 69, 72, 79, 85, 92–94, 106, 109, 112, 145

Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICOMOS) 11–12, 25, 52–53, 104, 147, 157, 179–181, 188–189, 191, 193

Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICHC) 89, 92–93

cooking space 14, 19–21

Copts 73

Cormack, Maureen 211

Cossons, Neil 191

Court, Sarah 106

courtyard 13–14, 23, 42, 44, 62, 171

craftsmanship 59, 92, 94, 112

creativity 69, 71, 79, 82, 92, 103

Croat 207–209, 211–214

Croatian 207, 212–213, 216

cultural diversity 6, 49–50, 80, 91–92, 104, 112–113, 120

Cultural Heritage without Borders 214–215

cultural identity 4–5, 61, 65, 89, 91, 93, 99, 103–106, 112, 119–122

cultural institutions 59, 207, 209, 211

cultural spaces 53, 91–92

cultural tourism 2, 5–6, 122

cultural values 2, 5, 54, 62, 84, 99, 107, 111–112, 116–117

culture 1–8, 12, 15, 22, 25, 30, 41–42, 44, 49–56, 58–62, 64–65, 69–73, 75, 77, 79–80, 82–85, 89–96, 99–100, 103–107, 109, 111–113, 116–123, 128–130, 134, 141, 145–146, 148, 154, 157–158, 163, 165, 168–169, 171, 173–174, 179–185, 194

daily activities 16, 19, 25

Damascene rose 94

Damascus 94–96

rural 94

Damietta 74

dances 69, 73, 76, 96

Dar Ghazaleh 95

date palm 76

dates 113

Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) 208, 212–213

dereliction 192

desertic environment 177

designation 117, 137, 154, 156, 201–202, 212, 215

DeSilvey, Caitlin 193–194

destruction 4, 51, 62–64, 84, 97, 117, 128, 191

dichotomy 164, 168, 182

discontinuity 36

discourse 7, 42, 92–93, 99–100, 163–167

displacement 2, 51, 55, 100

displacement (of people) 2, 51, 55, 100

documenting 80, 98

Dodik, Milorad 209

doors 13, 44, 188, 192

drying figs 16–17

duality 98, 164, 166

Dual Monarchy 207

Eastern Mediterranean 90

education 25, 82, 128

non-formal 82

Egypt 2–4, 31, 69–85, 89, 133

ancient Egypt 69, 72–73, 76–77

Delta 73

Upper 73–75

Egyptian 4, 69–85, 133

Egyptian museum 4, 70, 77–83, 85

Eid al-Adha 16–17

Eid al- Fitr 16–17

El-Zakwany House 107–108

Embaby, Mohga E. 112, 117, 121

engagement 71–72, 79, 82, 85, 95, 97, 194

entity 118, 168, 209

environment 2, 7, 27, 29, 43, 50–51, 53, 56–57, 59–60, 63–64, 83, 89, 92, 99, 109, 120, 130–131, 166, 168–170, 173–174, 177

epistle 29, 31–32, 40, 43

ethnicity 72, 80, 91, 94, 97, 112, 166, 168, 208, 213–215

ethnocracy 209

ethno-national 208

ethno-nationalist 209

ethno-religious 8, 208

EU Prize for Cultural Heritage 210

Eurocentrism 166

Europa Nostra Awards 2016 210

Europe 2, 114, 149, 151, 184, 206–207, 215, 220

European 28, 41–42, 71, 78, 128, 130, 153, 155, 159, 165–166, 173, 175

event 11–12, 25, 54, 59–61, 70, 73, 114, 119, 145, 150, 154, 193

evil eye 73

exhibitions 78–79, 83–84, 192

expressions 6–7, 52, 56, 72–73, 92–94, 103, 105–106, 120, 131, 145, 184, 196

extended families 13, 17, 21

fabric 7, 28, 40, 43–44, 51, 63–64, 74–75, 91, 105–106, 109, 114–116, 120–122, 183, 192, 194, 196

falconry 95

family 13–14, 16–17, 19–24, 33, 155

receiving 16–17

Farka 75

Fatawa Qadi Khan 34

Fatwah 34

Fayoum 74

festivals 1, 97, 114, 119, 185

Fiqh 31–32, 34

floor 13–14, 28, 36–37, 195

folklore 52–53, 81, 90

fondouks 28

food 16–17, 23–24, 60–62, 75–76

France 71, 133

Fraser, James Bailie 58–59

Fustat 74

Gabès 12

galleries 72, 83–84, 105

generations 4, 6, 72, 80, 82, 94, 99, 119

German 90, 103, 166

Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini (Herald of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 201–204, 215

globalisation 2, 49–51, 70–71, 84–85, 87, 107, 117, 129

granary 13–15, 19, 21–24

Greece 33

grinding grains 16–17

guest room 19–21, 23

Gutberlet, Manuela 109, 116, 119, 121

Hafsia quarter 44

Halbwachs, Maurice 146

hammams 28, 58

Hammouda Pacha Bey 33, 41

Hammouda pasha mosque 33

Hanafi 3, 31–34, 41

Hanafi rite 34, 41

handicrafts 5, 69–71, 74, 78–79, 83, 94, 96

Hangzhou Declaration 103

Hatano, Tomomi 132

hatred of memory 207

hegemony 165

heights 37, 40–42, 44

heritage city 5

heritage communities 72, 84–85

heritage conservation 5–6, 106, 117, 127, 181

heritage marketing 2, 103

heritage nomination 157

heritage policies 128, 181

heritage tourism 6, 127, 129

Hidden Christian 146–148, 151–158

Higher Institute for Folklore 81

Hiroshi, Yamanaka 146–147

historical streetscapes 129, 134, 140

historic centres 4–5, 42–43, 62–64, 128, 134–135

historic value 63–64

history 2, 4–7, 12, 30, 42–44, 50–51, 56, 59–64, 72, 74, 77, 79, 82–83, 92, 95, 99, 107–109, 112, 114–115, 117, 119–122, 127–130, 132–135, 140–141, 145–150, 154, 157, 159, 164, 167, 171, 179, 183–184, 190, 192–193, 195

History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina 201

Holtorf, Cornelius 194

Holy Family 75

Journey of the 75

Holy See 153, 154, 159. See also Vatican

holy shrine 51, 60

Hörmann, K. 205

house 1, 3, 13–17, 20–21, 23–25, 28–29, 31, 38–39, 41, 44, 60, 62–63, 76, 92, 94–95, 107, 109, 119, 122, 157, 186, 192–193

Huber, Ludwig 206

human body 11

human-induced impacts 106

Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works 7, 177–178, 183–185, 188–190, 192–196

Ibn Abi Dhiaf 41

Iemitsu, Tokugawa 150

Ieyasu, Tokugawa 150

Imadian Decisive Arbiter 34

Imam 33, 57, 60

Imamović, Enver 210

Imam Reza 57, 60

Important Cultural Landscape 154

India 110, 112, 116

indigenous 52, 72

individuals 1, 12, 55–56, 71, 92, 132, 158

Industrial Heritage 191–192

industrialisation 70–71

inherited traditions 71–72

inscribed 1, 22, 75, 94, 148, 169, 177, 183, 185, 189

Institute for Protection of Monuments 208

intangible 1–8, 11–12, 24–25, 50–57, 59, 62, 64–65, 69–72, 74, 79–85, 89–95, 97–100, 103, 106–107, 119–120, 128–130, 145–149, 156–159, 175, 181, 184–185

Intangible Cultural Heritage and Museums Project (IMP) 71–72

intangible cultural heritage (ICH) 4, 52–53, 55, 62, 69–72, 74–75, 80–81, 84–85, 89–90, 92–94, 119–120, 130, 145

intangible values 51, 57, 59, 62

intellectual production 70

interaction 23, 30, 56, 82, 89, 92, 104–105, 109

International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) 105–106

International Committee of Museums (ICOM) 71, 81–82

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) 11–12, 25, 104, 147, 157, 179–181, 188–189, 191, 193

interventions 51, 63, 175, 182, 191–192, 194–195

interviews 12, 57, 78, 104, 120

involvement 71, 93, 116, 118

Iol 128

Iquique 185, 188

Iran 2–4, 51, 56, 59, 62–64, 95, 112

Ise Jingu 54

Isfahan 59

Islamic city 28–31, 166–167

Islamic studies 32

Islamic world 75, 167

Italy 71, 95

Japan 2, 5–6, 54, 83, 131–132, 146–159

Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs (ACA) 148, 152, 154–158

Japanese streetscapes 132. See also streetscapes

Ja sam Muzej (I am the Museum) 210–211, 216

Jbelia 24

Jemaa el-Fna 7, 163–164, 167, 171–175

joint ownership 28–29, 32, 40, 42–44

Jones, Siân 178–179, 182

Jordan 34, 95

judge 29, 34, 37

jurisprudence 29–34, 40–43

jurist 3, 29, 31, 33–35, 40, 43

Kacha, Lemya 5, 132

Kairouan 41

Kakure kirishitan 149, 154, 157–158

Kallay, Benjamin 205

Kälvemark, Torsten 214

Kansei Engineering 5, 127, 129, 131–132, 134, 137, 140

karavansara 57

Khans Caravanserai 91

Kheireddine pasha 32

Kinoshita, Yuichiro 132

knitting 96

knowledge 29, 31, 40, 52, 54, 56, 59, 61, 69, 72, 76, 82, 84, 90, 92–93, 96, 99, 107, 115, 120–121, 138, 145, 184

Kostadinova, Tonka 215

kumi 151. See also confrarias

Kyoto 132

Lándesmuseum 201, 212

landscape 2, 50, 54–56, 64, 104, 127, 132, 148, 168, 171, 173–174, 184, 188, 192

landscape architecture 2

language 52, 72–73, 75, 92, 129, 131, 149, 154, 158, 181, 184

laundry 13, 16–17, 23

Lawatiya Mosque 110

Law on the Protection of Rights of Members of National Minorities 214

laws 15, 27, 31, 42–44, 80, 93, 98, 150

Lebanon 89

legislation 31, 42, 80, 157

List of World Heritage in Danger 177–178, 189

living heritage 6, 70, 72, 75, 77–78, 80–82, 84–85, 91, 94, 103–106, 122

Llinares, Carmen 132

local communities 6, 78–79, 83–84, 98, 105–106

local crafts 4, 92–93, 95, 97

Lowenthal, David 178, 183

Macao 150

Madjallah 41

madrasas 28

Maghreb 15, 41–42, 128

Maghrebi 32

Mahmutćehajić, Rusmir 216

maintaining farm equipment 16–17

Maliki 31

Mamluk period 76

manuscript 3, 31, 33–34, 43, 95

market 5, 74, 104, 106–107, 109–123, 186

Marrakesh 7, 163–164, 167, 171–173, 175

Marsa Matrouh 75

Mashhad 4, 49, 51, 56–64

Mason, Rhiannon 105–106

masonry 35–36, 39

materials 1, 3, 6–7, 11–12, 29, 35, 40–43, 53–55, 64–65, 70–71, 80, 90, 96, 99, 104, 109, 111, 117, 121, 136–138, 140–141, 155, 165, 177–183, 189, 191–196

Mauritania 128

mausoleum 28, 41, 58

Mawlid 16–17

McDowell, Sara 158

medina 3, 7, 28–29, 31, 40–44, 164, 167–168, 171–172, 174–175

Mediterranean basin 127

Mehmed the Conqueror 214

memory 3–4, 6, 61, 89, 93, 95, 99, 104, 145–146, 149, 153–154, 156–159, 194

metal crafts 96

Middle East 2, 30, 77, 89, 114, 118

milking sheep and goats 16–17

mining complexes 7, 178, 183

Miyazaki, Kentarō 151

modernity 6, 24–25, 32, 44, 57, 70–72, 76, 83, 90–91, 98, 117, 121–122, 141, 149, 158, 163–164, 166, 168–171, 174–175

modern life 24–25, 171

Morea 33

Morocco 2, 6–7, 32, 163–164, 167–169, 171–175

mosques 28, 33, 41, 57–58, 60, 91–92, 114, 166, 171

Muharram 16–17

Mulid 73

municipality 29, 40, 43, 110, 116

Munsi, Roger 151

Muscat 5, 107, 109–111, 113, 115–117, 121

museum 2–4, 6–7, 69–72, 77–85, 94, 105, 115, 156–157, 191

Museum Society in Bosnia and Herzegovina 204, 210

musical instruments 73, 95

Muslims 27–32, 42–43, 51, 63, 73, 75

Mutrah 5, 103–104, 106–122

Nagamachi, Mitsuo 131, 134, 137

Nagasaki 6, 145–148, 150–158

Nakama, Takumi 132

Naqada Qena 75

Nara Document on Authenticity (1994) 179–180

narrative 72, 83, 92, 94, 99, 157, 171–172

national identity 77, 214

National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina 7, 201–204, 206–212, 214–216

neighbourhood 3–4, 27, 29, 31, 33–34, 36, 40, 42–43, 59–60, 73, 132, 166

neighbourhood conflicts 29, 31, 33–34, 40

neo-Moorish 206

neo-Renaissance 206

Netherlands 71

Nile Valley 76

non-governmental organisation (NGO) 94–95, 210, 214

Nora, Pierre 145, 156, 194

North Africa 2, 76, 133, 166–167

Nović, Sredoje 209

Nubian tribes 72–73, 79

objects 22, 28, 36, 53, 56, 78–81, 83, 85, 92, 173, 180, 182

occasional activities 13, 16, 19

Occident 42

Occidentalism 6

official heritage 90–91, 98

olive oil 16–17

olives 14, 16–17, 23

Oman 2, 5, 103, 107, 109, 113–114, 116, 119, 121

Opačić, Vuk Tvrtko 130

opportunities 2–3, 25, 43, 63, 72, 77, 83–84, 104, 128, 158, 194–195

oral poetry 50

oral traditions 4, 14, 52, 92–93, 96, 99, 151

Orientalism 6, 163–167

Orientalist 164–167, 170, 174

original 6–7, 64, 69, 76, 138, 140–141, 178–179, 182–184, 192–193, 196, 212

Osgood, Charles 132

Osmanović, Adil 211–212

Ottoman period 5, 41, 95, 133, 214

Oud 95

Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) 1, 148, 179, 183–184, 190, 193

Page, Max 178

palm 36, 76, 109, 112

Pampa 184–186, 188

pampinos 184–185, 188

papyri 74

parchment 32

Pařík, Karel 205

Paris 12, 14–15, 24, 53, 92, 104, 133, 145, 152, 157, 172

partnership 114, 118, 122

party wall 28, 34, 36, 38–41

patio 13–14, 19, 21, 23

patriarchal 13, 152

pavilion 202, 205–206

perception 90, 131–132, 137, 148, 158, 169

performances 61, 69, 75, 78–79, 92

performing arts 50, 52, 92, 96

periodicity 15–17, 19

Pharaonic 75

Phoenician period 128, 133

pilgrimage 57–58, 157

places 3, 12, 16, 20–22, 25, 41, 43, 50–51, 55–56, 59–62, 65, 70, 75, 83, 92, 97, 105–107, 110–111, 114, 128, 132, 134, 145, 147, 152, 154, 156, 159, 168, 171–174, 178, 182, 185, 191, 193–196

plastic 71, 110

plaza 7, 163–164, 167, 171–175, 186

policies 5, 50, 71–72, 77, 80, 98–100, 116–117, 122, 128, 150, 153, 181, 192–193

politics 31, 167, 201, 207, 212, 215

popular heritage 96

population 4, 7, 15, 24, 43, 51, 64, 91, 100, 105, 168, 208, 212, 222

population census 212

Portugal 150

Portuguese 109–110, 149, 151–152

possession 37

postcolonial 6, 94, 99, 163–165, 167

pottery 69, 74

power relations 165

Pozo Almonte 187

precedence 36–37, 40

Prehistoric period 133

preparations for weddings 16–17

preparing food 16–17

preservation 3–6, 8, 12, 25, 42, 64, 77, 80, 84, 90, 92–93, 98–100, 104, 141, 158, 172–173, 216, 219–220, 222

privacy 2, 12–13, 17, 19, 21–24, 41

private activities 17, 19, 21–23

processions 75, 172

property 3, 6, 11, 29, 31, 33, 36–40, 42–43, 105, 128, 148, 179–180, 183–184, 189–190, 193, 196

prophet Mohammad, the 27

public image 104–105

puppetry 76

Quran 27, 34

Rasmi 98

reconstruction 4, 29, 100

redevelopment 42, 51, 60, 62–64, 109–110

reed mat 39–40

Reeves, Keir 154

religion 30–31, 154, 213–214, 220

religious affiliation 151, 214

religious events 60

religious values 3–4, 51, 56–59, 64

Relph, Edward 56

Republika Srpska 208–209, 211–212

residential 1–2, 29, 64, 114, 116, 128, 133

revival 83, 91, 98–100

Rich, Bryan 122

rights 27, 36, 38, 93

ritual for funerals 16–17

ritual of birth 16–17

ritual of circumcision 16–17

rituals 11–12, 25, 69, 72–73, 92, 95, 97, 106, 152–153, 157–158

Roman heritage 138, 140–141

roof 13–14, 33–34, 37, 40, 76

rooms 13–15, 17, 19–21, 23

Rothberg, Michael 158

rules 3, 27, 29–34, 40–43, 150, 174

Safavid era 62

safeguarding 4, 7, 11–12, 25, 29, 49–50, 52–53, 69–72, 74, 79, 81–84, 92–94, 103, 189

Sakitsu (village and churches) 151, 154–155

saltpeter 177, 183–190, 192–196

Sanabad 57

sand 36

Sarajevo 7, 201–202, 205–208, 210–211, 213

Sarajevo Haggadah 202

Sarajevo Times 211

Saudi Arabia 95

Scholz, Fred 111, 113, 116

Seligman, Adam B. 216

semantic differential method 129, 131, 133, 140

semi-private activities 17, 19, 21

senpuku kirishitan 148, 151, 153–154, 156–157, 159

Serbian 213, 216

Serbs 207–209, 212–214

shadow play 94

sheltering cattle 16–17

Shia Muslims 51, 57

Shin Meikai 131

Shinto hakken 152

Shiraz 59

Sholeh 62

showering 16–17

siege of Sarajevo 208

Sijarić, Mirsad 211

Sijarić, Rizo 206, 208

silk 96, 150

sites of memory (Les lieux de mémoire) 6, 145–146, 149, 153–154, 156–157

Siwa Oasis 73

skills 53–54, 56, 76, 83, 92, 96, 98, 119, 184, 191

sleeping 13, 16–17

social practices 29, 42–43, 50, 52, 54–55, 92, 113, 119

society 3, 7, 13, 30–31, 77–78, 82, 91, 93, 95, 98–99, 105, 168, 170, 175

socio-cultural value 112

socio-economic value 112–113

sociology 2, 64, 82, 130

socio-spatial practices 2, 11, 15, 17, 22, 24–25

Sohag 75

souqs 28, 172

Sousse 41

South America 2, 184

South Slavs 214

space 1–3, 5, 11–15, 17–24, 29–30, 32, 35, 40–43, 53, 71–72, 82–83, 91–92, 97, 104–107, 112, 114, 120–121, 156–157, 164–166, 168–171, 173–175, 189

built 22

inhabited 11, 15

Spain 132, 143, 150

spatial organisation 3, 22

spinning 16–17, 73–74

spirits, envious 73

stability 72, 85, 190

Starn, Randolph 178–179

state-level cultural institutions 209, 211

stećak / stećci 202

stick game 76

stone 35, 69, 74, 109, 155

storage space 20–23

storing cereals 16–17

storing dried figs 16–17

street composition 33, 89, 132, 168

streets 5, 29, 31, 34, 40–41, 44, 60, 109, 132, 135

streetscapes 5, 129–130, 132–138, 140

strengths 5, 104, 113–114, 118

stretcher bond 35–36, 38–40

Sunnah 27, 34

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 91, 104

Switzerland 53, 71

SWOT analysis 5, 104, 113

synthetic fibres 71

Syria 2–4, 89–100

northern 91

southern 91

Syrian crisis 95

Syrian NGOs 95

Tahteeb 73, 76

Takashi, Gonoi 151

tangible 1–2, 4–8, 24–25, 29, 36, 50, 53–56, 59, 64–65, 69, 80, 90, 100, 103, 106–107, 119, 128–130, 140, 145–149, 156–159, 184, 191

Tarapacá 185, 188

Tasua 60

terrace 19, 21, 172

threats 5, 49, 51, 69, 85, 104, 114, 119, 189

tidying farm equipment 16–17

tidying house 16–17

toileting 16–17

Tokugawa shogunate 148, 150–153

tourism 2, 5–7, 64, 84, 91, 95, 100, 106, 114–116, 119–120, 122, 127, 129–130, 134–135, 140–141, 146, 156–158, 171–174

tourists’ emotional responses 129, 134

tradition 14, 29, 42, 55, 57, 59, 62, 71, 75, 93, 148–149, 151, 156, 159, 163–164, 168–170, 175, 184

traditional 2, 5–6, 42, 52, 54, 59, 62, 70–71, 73–79, 85, 89, 92, 94–97, 99, 104, 106–107, 109–112, 114–122, 128, 151, 158, 166, 169–171, 174

transition 21, 133

troglodytic dwellings 2, 11–13, 15, 19, 22, 24–25

trunks 36, 76

Tsuchiya, Toshio 132

Tunis 3, 24, 27–33, 40–43, 166

Tunisia 2–3, 11–13, 24, 29, 31, 33, 41–42

Turnbull, Stephen 151

Umayyad Mosques 95

UNESCO 12, 25, 28, 50, 52–54, 59, 62, 74–77, 81, 83, 89, 92, 94, 96, 103–106, 127, 146–148, 154, 157, 171, 177, 179, 182–185, 188–190, 193, 195

urban-architectural value 109–111

urban context 11, 54, 56, 117

urban heritage 43, 50, 55, 65, 106, 141, 164

urban identity 164

urbanism 27, 29–31, 34, 41, 43, 166–167

urban planning 1–2, 6, 29–31, 42, 51, 103, 166

US Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation (AFCP) 211

Valian, Abdolazim 63

Vancas, Joseph 205

Vatican 153. See also Holy See

Venice Charter 178–179

vestibule 13–15, 19–21, 23–24

Virgin Mary 75, 150–151, 155–156, 159

virtual reality 129, 133–134, 136

visual attributes 129, 133–134, 136, 140

Volkskunde 90

Walasek, Helen 202, 208–212

wall 14, 28–29, 32–41, 69, 74, 107, 109

washing dishes 16–17

water 31, 34, 36, 152, 186, 191

weaknesses 5, 104, 113, 115

weaving 23, 28, 74–75, 96, 111

Western 42, 58, 89, 93, 145, 152, 155, 158–159

Wijesuriya, Gamini 106

wood 14, 35–36, 69, 73–74, 177, 193

wool 16–17

carding and spinning 16–17

shearing 16–17

weaving 16–17

working alfa 16–17

World Cultural Heritage 183

World Heritage 1, 6, 28, 53, 79, 105–106, 146–148, 156–158, 171, 177–179, 181–185, 187–190, 193

World Heritage List 1, 6, 171, 177, 179, 185

World Heritage Sites (WHS) 146–147

World War I 206

World War II 24, 206

Yates, Frances 146

Yazd 59

Yosuke, Tetsukawa 155

Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of 202, 215

Zagal 73

Zemaljski Muzej 201, 206, 212

Zemaljski muzej za Bosnu i Hercegovinu 205