Index
|Ui|o|oo, Royal (Deputy Minister of Marginalised Communities) 149, 154
|Uixamab, Hendrik Anibab 41
|Uixamab, Jan Petrus |Unuweb 41, 44–45, 48, 52, 54, 356–357
|Uixamab, Nathaniel Husa 325, 354
!Am-eib / Ameib 39–40, 44, 315–316
!Gobaub 152–153, 155–156, 161, 412–414, 417–419
!Gobaub Community Association 152–153, 156
!Khwa ttu Centre 429
!Naidaus 46
!Narenin / Nareneen 34, 76, 314–315, 328–331, 499
!Nauriseb / !Naruseb 45
!Xun 14, 144, 427–428, 434–435, 437–438, 440
!Xung 436
ǁGaroëb, Justus 12, 343–344, 366–368, 380
ǁGaub / Gaub / Ghaub 45–46, 52, 55
ǁKhamuxab, David (Chief) 147–148, 155, 437–438
ǁKhao-a Dama 37, 312, 328, 334, 336, 349, 352–353, 499
ǁKhumub, Kadisen 156, 405, 412–413
ǁOeseb / ǁOaseb (Captain of Kaiǁkhaun / Red Nation / Rooisnasie Nama) 39
ǁUbun / Seebuschmanner 5, 42, 49, 76, 96, 318–319, 323, 325, 328–336, 352–353, 499
Aakwaluudhi 5
Aakwambi 5
AaNdonga 5
accountability 8–9, 15, 71–72, 74, 76, 81, 84, 95, 101, 127, 148, 156, 167, 174, 183–185, 195, 208, 219–220, 231–232, 234, 248–249, 295, 367, 386, 411–412, 415, 417, 419, 422, 447, 452–453, 462, 473, 496
Acts
Communal Land Reform Act, 5 of 2002 6, 12, 123, 193, 196, 230, 260, 370
Development of Self-Government for Native Nations in South West Africa Act, 54 of 1968 95
National Heritage Act, 2004 308
Nature Conservation Amendment Act, 5 of 1996 111–112, 122, 175, 369, 450, 487
Traditional Authorities Act, 25 of 2000 147, 158, 195, 199, 370, 437
Administrative Management Design (ADMADE) 112
Africare 231
Afrikaner, Jonker / Kakuuoko 29, 38, 315
Afrikaner, Jan Jonker 38–40, 44, 315
Agence Française de Développement (AFD) 113
Agricultural (Commercial) Land Reform Act No. 6 of 1995 (ACLRA) 427
agriculture 1, 4, 7, 12, 13, 14, 35, 41, 54, 56, 60, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 110, 112, 116, 118, 126, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 193, 196, 221, 222, 223, 225, 233, 236, 244, 246, 258, 273, 290, 292, 296, 298, 299, 316, 343, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 354, 355, 358, 359, 360, 361, 367, 369, 370, 380, 403, 405, 410, 412, 413, 417, 418, 419, 427, 428, 430, 431, 432, 434, 437, 438, 450, 453, 456, 457, 458, 462, 464, 465, 466, 471, 473, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 500. See also farms
Aimab 71
Alexander, James Edward (Captain) 43
Amathila, Libertina (Dr) 149
Anaya, James 157
ancestral land 7–8, 14, 143–144, 155–156, 159, 161–162, 191–192, 194, 203, 212, 214, 427
ancestral land-relations 194
Andersson, Charles John 26–29, 33, 38, 316
Angola 5, 27–29, 35–36, 40, 45, 50–51, 59, 70, 72, 77, 110, 123, 145, 174, 200–201, 203, 221, 274, 290, 379, 381, 496
southern Angola 27–29, 35–36, 50–51, 59, 70, 200, 203, 221, 274, 381
anti-politics machine 208
apartheid 3, 6, 9, 14, 69, 78–79, 85, 92, 95, 102, 110, 116, 145, 159, 167–168, 171, 176–178, 185, 193, 199, 219–220, 222, 230, 233–234, 236–237, 427, 437, 500
post-apartheid 168, 177–178, 199, 220, 234, 237
Aribib, Fritz / ǂAribib, Friz / Captain Aribib 46, 415
Aruchab 77
arus 352
Aschenborn, Dieter 80
Atlantic Ocean 2–3, 5, 89, 259, 332
Aukeigas / !Aoǁaexas 82
Auses 42, 321, 323, 328, 331, 333, 335–337
Baines, Thomas 38
Bantu 13, 35, 85, 89, 92, 94, 96, 99–100, 225, 322, 349, 365, 403, 430, 435
Barnard, Alan 330
Basso, Keith 404
Bayart, Jean-François 8, 167, 177, 183
Baynes Mountains 36
Belck, Waldemar 44
belonging 8–9, 16, 36–37, 49, 150, 191–192, 194, 196–214, 233, 330, 356, 408, 427, 495, 499
benefits 6, 8, 60, 92, 102, 112, 115, 122, 126–127, 130–131, 148, 152–153, 156–157, 167–168, 170–175, 177, 179–180, 183, 186, 235, 237, 249, 292, 299–300, 367, 369, 375, 383–386, 388, 396, 400, 421, 438–439, 450–453, 480, 483–484, 498
biodiversity 1–2, 10, 16, 111, 113, 117, 125, 130, 170, 188, 243–244, 271, 308, 321, 375, 385, 401, 474, 497–498
biodiversity economy 113
birds
Benguela long-billed lark / Certhilauda benguelensis 261
guineafowl / Numida meleagris 396
kori bustard / Ardeotis kori 396
Monteiro’s hornbill / Tockus monteiri 261
ostrich / Struthio camelus 25–27, 47, 59, 314, 332, 495
ostrich eggshell beads 314
rockrunner / Achaetops pycnopygius 261
Ruppell’s korhaan / Heterotetrax rueppelii 261
Bismarck (German Imperial Chancellor) 43
Boards
Game Preservation and Hunting Board 80, 84
Nature Conservation Board 86
Bobas mine 75
Boers / Afrikaners 5, 23, 29, 39, 54, 72, 221, 315
Dorstland / Dorsland / Thirstland Trekkers 29, 221
Transvaal Boers 28
Trekboers 28, 35, 50–51, 59, 316, 379, 381
Bondelswarts uprising 57
Christian, Jan (Bondelswarts Nama Captain) 56
borehole drilling programme 9, 195, 219–220, 224, 227–229
Botswana 51, 112, 145, 290, 404, 484
Brandberg / Dâures 40, 47, 317, 322, 330, 362, 368
Brazil 125
Britz, Ina 100
Bwabwata National Park 145, 157, 429
Cape Colony 24, 28, 31, 33, 41, 51, 381
Cape Town 33
Caprivi Region / Zambezi Region 97, 111, 115, 122, 145, 173, 178, 188, 289
Caprivi Game Park 145
Caprivi Nature Park 145
cattle 14, 25–29, 35–36, 38–41, 51–52, 56–58, 70, 72–73, 76–77, 83, 86, 96, 126, 147, 173, 186, 191, 193–194, 201–204, 206, 208–209, 221, 226, 228–229, 231, 274, 291–292, 296–297, 311, 318, 326, 335, 346, 348, 354–355, 378–382, 384, 387, 391, 403, 419, 431, 434, 462, 471, 495, 501
Sanga cattle 229
Chapman, James 28
Chief Bantu Commissioner 225
Chief Native Commissioner 83, 87, 222–223, 359
chiefs 38–40, 46, 48, 52, 54, 71, 73, 80, 84, 147–148, 151, 153, 155–156, 161, 184, 195–196, 199, 201, 205, 211–212, 214, 220, 222, 224–226, 229, 233, 315, 350, 380–382, 415, 418
chieftaincies 195, 198, 200, 202, 207–208, 221, 224, 229, 233
Cimbebas 311
clientelism 177
climate change 7, 114, 122, 125, 279, 296, 421, 429
collective action lawsuit 432
colonialism 2, 14, 56, 116, 230, 427, 437, 495
colonial administration 5, 43, 45, 50, 53, 59, 69, 74, 176, 200, 220, 222–225, 233, 235, 383, 419, 498–500
colonial indirect rule 194–195, 199–200, 202, 207, 214, 222
colonial settlement 430
German colonial period 27, 36, 74, 220, 222, 310, 319, 496
post-colonial government 234
post-colony 150, 193, 199, 220, 230, 233–234, 497–498, 500
settler colonialism 56
Commissions
Commission for the Preservation of Bushmen 79–80, 82, 144–145
Commission for the Preservation of Natural and Historical Monuments 84
Game Preservation Commission 78
Land Settlement Commission 72
Lardner-Burke Commission 81
Native Reserves Commission 71–72
Odendaal Commission 6–7, 69, 79, 86, 89, 91–92, 94, 145, 225, 349, 355, 360, 379
Commission of Enquiry into South-West Africa Affairs 6, 69, 91
common pool resources 169, 185, 219, 236
common property resource management 167, 169–170, 432
common striped skink / Trachylepsis striata 261
communal
conservancies 14, 118, 122, 167, 170, 182, 188, 195–196, 209, 235, 447, 450–452, 465–466, 480, 484–485
communal area conservancies 3, 6, 10, 12–13, 15, 109, 111–113, 115–116, 121, 195, 235, 244, 258, 294, 343, 351, 449–450, 483–485, 487
land 1, 3, 12, 15, 97, 99, 111–114, 116, 122, 130, 146, 160, 167–168, 172, 175, 183, 191–193, 195–196, 198, 203, 211, 230, 233, 243–244, 251, 274, 343, 367, 369, 428, 447–448, 450–451, 471, 480, 483, 485, 490, 496
Damaraland Communal Land Area 6–7, 12, 124, 127, 203, 231, 260, 343, 346, 371
Kaokoland Communal Land Area 123, 220
community-based
community-based conservation 69, 101, 111, 122, 131, 168, 180, 193, 243, 385, 399, 497
community-based management 9, 219, 234, 236
Community-Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) 3–4, 6, 10, 14–15, 100, 102, 109, 111–116, 118, 120–122, 131, 143, 168, 170, 172–174, 176, 178–179, 186, 188, 196, 243, 385–386, 399–400, 421–422, 447–453, 465–466, 473, 480–481, 483–485, 487, 489–490, 501
National Policy on Community Based Natural Resources Management, 2013 113
Community Game Guards 15, 77, 101, 229, 292–293, 472
Auxiliary Game Guards 229
conflict 7, 11, 15–16, 35, 38, 40, 57, 78, 94, 121, 123, 126–127, 131, 148, 158, 182, 185–186, 196, 200–201, 204–205, 209–210, 213–214, 224, 229, 233, 237, 273, 289, 292–294, 296, 298, 300, 331–332, 389, 394, 447–449, 458, 463–466, 471–473, 476, 479–481, 483–485, 491
connectedness 10, 125, 243–245, 249–252, 337
conservancy / conservancies
community wildlife conservancies 292, 294
conservancy capture 173, 178, 180–181, 183–185
conservancy programme 113–115, 127, 131, 174–175, 186, 235, 497
Anabeb Conservancy 12, 36, 118–119, 126–127, 130, 198, 203–205, 212, 261, 343–345, 369, 371, 449–450, 453, 456, 459, 461–462, 485, 487
Doro !Nawas Conservancy 449, 453
Ehi-Rovipuka Conservancy 7, 11, 13, 123, 125–128, 130–131, 289, 293–298, 358, 375–377, 379, 381–383, 385–388, 391–400, 449, 453–454, 459, 462, 485, 487–488
Nyae Nyae Conservancy 29, 115, 429, 450
Okangundumba Conservancy 292–294, 298
Okongoro Conservancy 293
Omatendeka Conservancy 7, 123, 125–128, 131, 259, 261, 293–295, 376, 449, 453–454, 456, 459–462, 464, 476, 479, 485, 487
Orupupa Conservancy 11, 289, 293–299, 449, 453–454
Otjikondovirongo Conservancy 293
Otjindjerese Conservancy 293
Ozondundu Conservancy 8, 191–193, 195, 197–210, 212, 293–294
Puros Conservancy 42, 76, 102, 119, 272, 331, 334, 357, 449–450, 453
Sesfontein Conservancy 8, 12, 27, 35–37, 40–42, 44–45, 48, 51–55, 58–59, 70–71, 87–88, 90, 94, 96, 117–119, 126–127, 177, 180, 198, 203, 221, 228, 244, 263, 307–312, 315–331, 333–336, 338, 343–346, 349–357, 359–363, 368–370, 380, 449–450, 453
Sorris Sorris Conservancy 449, 453
Torra Conservancy 12, 55, 89, 93–94, 96, 101, 115, 118, 244, 261, 343–345, 369, 449–450, 453
ǂKhoadi-ǁHôas Conservancy 54, 115, 261, 449, 453, 456–458, 462, 464–465
Event Books 11, 293, 295–297, 299
Kunene Conservancy Association 125–126
conservation
game conservation 33, 78, 82, 84, 86
nature conservation 3–7, 14, 16, 23, 61, 69, 74–75, 78–80, 82–86, 88, 96, 98–100, 102, 143, 366, 403, 420–422, 427, 495–498
COVID-19 15, 120–121, 292, 299, 450, 471, 474
cultural heritage 1, 7, 12, 143, 147, 155, 157, 161, 199, 299, 307–308, 338, 353, 367–368, 371, 382, 405–406
cultural landscapes 2, 4, 12, 307–309, 319, 405
Customary Land Rights 370
Customary Land Rights Certificate 370
Damara ground squirrel / Xerus princeps 261
Damaraland Communal Land Area 7, 12, 124, 127, 203, 231, 260, 343, 371
Damara Executive Committee (DEC) 366–367, 371
Damaraland Homeland 345, 347, 367–368
Damaraland Regional Authority (DRA) 12, 100, 261, 343, 345, 355, 366–369
Damara / ǂNūkhoen 5, 28–29, 34, 36–37, 39–43, 45, 47–49, 56–57, 70, 74, 76, 82, 92, 95–97, 100, 145, 160, 173, 181, 259, 262, 309, 314–315, 317, 327, 329–330, 333, 345, 347, 350, 352, 354–356, 361–363, 366–367, 371, 380–381, 390, 404, 415, 430, 449, 499
Aogubus-Dama 352
Dâureb Dama 351
ǁKhao-a Dama 37, 312, 328, 334, 336, 349, 352–353, 499
ǂAo-Dama 370
decentralisation 9, 36, 168–169, 175, 177, 191–192, 195, 214, 230, 236, 400
de la Bat, Bernabé 80, 83–85, 87–88, 96, 359
Denker, Helge 129
Denver African Expedition 76
Departments
Department of Bantu Administration and Development (BAD) 99–100, 365
Department of Bantu Affairs 92
Department of Coloured Affairs 92
Department of Nature Conservation 86, 101, 366
Department of Water Affairs 226
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. See German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ)
Deutsch-Südwestafrika 3, 26, 48, 56, 319–320
development 2, 4, 6, 9, 16, 44, 56, 69, 77, 81–82, 85, 89, 91–96, 109, 111–115, 121, 125–129, 143, 148–150, 152, 154–156, 159, 161, 168–169, 171–172, 176, 178, 181, 183, 185–186, 213, 219–220, 222–226, 228–231, 233–234, 236, 299, 308, 367–368, 375, 384, 386, 421–422, 427–429, 431, 435, 438–440, 450–452, 480, 489–490, 498
ontwikkeling 222
Dhimba 70
Directorates
Directorate of Nature Conservation 100
Directorate of Rural Water Supply (DRWS) 230–231
discrimination 144, 160, 185, 421, 428, 435–436, 439
Divisions
Division of Disability Affairs 149
Division of Disability Affairs and Marginalised Communities 149, 153
Division of San Development (DSD) 149
Marginalised Communities' Division (MCD) 149
drought 9, 11, 15, 32, 35–36, 40, 55, 73, 78, 86, 99, 110, 114, 118, 120, 168, 180–181, 191–195, 197–198, 201–204, 206, 208, 210–211, 214, 219, 221, 225, 228–230, 232–233, 235–236, 244, 249, 274, 289, 291–292, 297, 321, 366, 369, 380, 384, 390, 434, 448–449, 455, 471–472, 474, 481, 485–486, 489, 498, 501
Duparquet, Carlos (Reverend) 29, 34
Early Warning System (EWS) 296, 473–474, 476
Eaton (Native Commissioner) 224
Ebedes, Hym 85
Ecuador 422
Eedes, Pritchard “Nakale” (Native Commissioner) 223, 347
egalitarian 148, 161, 186, 418, 433, 437
elephant 11–12, 25, 27, 31–32, 47, 59, 88, 110, 168, 221, 261, 266, 273, 289–290, 292–297, 299–300, 318, 337, 344, 358–359, 362, 389, 393–395, 449, 479, 501
African Elephant Database 289
African forest elephant / Loxodonta cyclotis 289
African savanna elephant / Loxodonta africana 289, 294
desert-adapted elephant 290, 294
Elephant-Human Relations Aid (EHRA) 296, 299
elephant population 11, 289–290, 292–294, 296, 299–300
elephant rangers 12, 289, 299–300
human-elephant conflict (HEC) 11, 273, 289, 292–294, 296–300
National Elephant Conservation and Management Plan, 2021 297, 299
elite capture 180
Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) 100–102
environmental governance 8, 167, 170–172, 181–182, 185–187, 231
Environment Investment Fund (EIF) 6, 122, 125
Enyandi 98
Eriksson, Axel 27, 29, 33, 50, 52
Erongo / !Oeǂgā / Bokberg 34, 39–40, 120, 315, 472
Etanga 198, 202, 210, 228, 357
Etendeka / ǂNauraheb 2, 6, 10, 12, 37, 54, 96, 109, 122, 257–266, 268, 316, 343–344, 352, 367–368, 371, 449, 459, 485, 496, 499
Etendeka Tourism Concession 10, 12, 54, 257–260, 264–266, 268, 343–344, 367, 459, 499
ethnicity 2, 93, 159–160, 211, 371
ethnic favouritism 436
ethnic tension 14, 427–428, 435, 439
ethnography 429
autoethnography 429
reflexivity 429
self-observation 429
ethnographic fieldwork 8, 167, 170, 220
ethnographic returning 429
ethno-historical research 427, 439
Etosha
Etosha Conservation Bridge 3, 113, 131, 364
Etosha Game Park 5, 13, 69, 85, 87–91, 93–95, 97, 260, 324, 327, 343, 351, 359–360, 362–363, 365, 498
Etosha Game Reserve 75–77, 79, 82, 87, 94, 364
Etosha Haiǁom Association 155
Etosha National Park (ENP) 1–7, 11–16, 18, 26, 69, 73, 80, 86, 90–91, 94–95, 97–100, 102–104, 109, 119, 122–123, 126, 130, 143–146, 149–150, 152–158, 161–162, 193, 257–258, 260, 271–273, 275, 277, 281–282, 286, 289–290, 295, 344, 360, 364, 375–385, 391, 394–400, 403–407, 419, 427, 430–432, 437, 450, 483–486, 490, 496, 498, 500–501
Etosha Pan 2–3, 5, 11, 23, 26, 38, 45–46, 49, 51, 55, 57, 60, 75, 77–79, 81, 83, 85–86, 88–89, 91, 109, 271, 273, 275, 281, 316, 321, 330, 381, 495–497
Etosha Pan Game Reserve 75, 77–78, 81, 91, 103, 497
Greater Etosha Landscape (GEL) 102, 272
Namutoni Game Reserve 75
eviction 7, 12–14, 82, 143–146, 150, 155, 354, 403–405, 411, 415, 418–420, 427, 430
exclusion 1, 2, 13, 16, 92, 93, 110, 152, 198, 206, 208, 231, 233, 343, 435, 436, 495, 499, 500. See also social exclusion
extermination order 57
Eyre, Chris 100
farms
guest farms 431
safari farms 55, 248, 368, 431
self-sufficient small-scale farms 14, 144, 154, 427, 434, 440, 449
firearms 13, 23–24, 26–29, 35, 62, 70, 73, 76, 85, 110, 169, 179, 221, 383
muzzle-loading guns 26
Fischer, Adolff (Lieutenant) 61
Fletcher, Rob 171
Fockea angustifolia / ǂhabab 414
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 125, 128
emergency drought food relief 434
food distribution 434
fortress conservation 3, 5, 16, 109, 169, 172, 496–499
Foucault, Michel 7–8, 167, 170–171, 177, 185–186, 188
Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS) 113
Fransfontein / Franzfontein 36, 40–41, 43, 45, 47, 49–53, 55, 57–58, 70–71, 94, 96, 315–316, 348, 354, 359–360
friction 3, 8, 14, 35, 167, 177, 183, 192, 208, 371, 495
Friedman, John T. 174, 194, 205, 208
Gaerdes, F. 84
Galton, Francis 25–27, 33–34, 314–315
game capture unit 97
game census 386
game preservation 5–6, 16, 23, 58, 69–70, 74, 80, 83–85, 496–497
Game Preservation Section 83, 85
Game Products Trust Fund (GPTF) 378
Game Reserve No. 2 3, 5, 16, 23, 60–61, 69–78, 80–83, 85–91, 93–96, 102, 144, 260, 272, 347, 351, 358, 360, 381, 403, 419, 430, 496–499
game reserves / Wildschutzgebiete 3–5, 13, 16, 23–24, 31–32, 44, 58–61, 69–70, 74, 76–77, 81–89, 93–94, 96–99, 101, 110, 144, 359–360, 362–363, 381–382, 403, 430, 496–498, 500
gemsbok / Oryx gazella 10, 82, 97–98, 118, 120, 176, 180, 243–244, 247, 261, 334, 336, 352, 386, 449
genetics 10–11, 271–272, 274–275, 278–282, 497
gene flow 10–11, 271–272, 278–282
genetic diversity 10, 271, 278, 281–282
genetic drift 278
landscape genetics 278, 280, 282
German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) 113
German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ) 6, 113
giraffe / Giraffa camelopardalis 10, 47, 76, 101, 257–259, 261–268, 386, 449, 464, 499, 501
Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis 10, 76, 257, 259, 264, 386, 449
Global Environment Facility (GEF) 113
Global Positioning System (GPS) 14, 447–448, 473, 483–484, 487
goats / Capra hircus 10, 14–15, 35, 37, 47, 73, 76, 174, 181–182, 186, 210, 231, 243–244, 246, 249, 251–252, 262, 292, 326, 331, 334–335, 348, 354–355, 379, 387, 391, 403, 413–414, 419, 431, 434, 471, 479, 483–484, 487–488, 501
Gobabeb Namib Research Institute 2, 307, 309
Goboboseb mountains 259
Gondwana Collection of Lodges 344, 369
Gondwana super-continent 259
Göring (Dr, Imperial Commissioner) 45, 59
governmentality 7, 167, 170–171, 177
environmentality 8, 167, 170–172, 174–175, 177, 181–183, 185–187
disciplinary environmentality 171–172, 174–175, 177, 182, 186
hybrid environmentality 8, 167, 177, 186
truth environmentality 172, 182
Government Notices
Government Notice 177 of 1962 89
Government Notice 222 of 1961 89
Government Notice 247 of 1958 88
grasses
Chloris virgata 273
Cynodon dactylon 273
Diplachne fusca 273
Eragrostis micrantha 273
E. rotifer 273
Stipagrostis spp. / sâun 88, 328, 352
Greater Fish River Canyon 122
Green Climate Fund 122
Green, Lesley 91
ANVO Hunting Safaris 365
Grootberg / Kai|uis 5, 23, 43, 53–54, 56, 58, 259–260, 355, 358, 363, 498
Grootberg Uprising 5, 23, 43, 53, 56, 58, 498
Grootfontein 28, 45–46, 51, 56–58, 60, 72–73, 88, 144–145, 430, 439
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 10, 121, 243
Guinas Constituency 440
Gurugas Block 72
habitat 14–15, 117, 125, 244, 246, 268, 273, 275–282, 289, 296, 299, 364, 389, 391, 393, 401, 447, 452, 483, 485–486, 488–489
habitat selection 276–277, 281–282, 486
Hahn, Carl Hugo 27, 29, 74, 431
Hahn, Carl Hugo "Cocky" 74, 76–77, 419
Haiǁom 1, 4–5, 7, 12–14, 27, 34, 42, 46, 49, 61, 70, 75–76, 79, 81–82, 116, 143–162, 330, 381–382, 403–407, 409, 411–422, 427–440, 498–499
Heikom 431
Okaukuejo Haiǁom Community Group 143, 154–155
Hardap Recreation Resort 97
Hartmann, Georg 43, 46, 50, 53, 59, 316–318
Hartmann, Wolfram 43
Hayes, Patricia 77
headmen 51, 77–78, 96, 101, 127, 178–179, 195–196, 198–202, 205–208, 210–213, 220, 222, 224, 229, 231–233, 315, 325–326, 349–350, 354–355, 377, 379–380, 382–384, 395–397, 399, 411–417, 436–439
herbivory 10
Hinz, Manfred O. 396
historical injustices 8, 14, 167–168, 171, 173–174, 176, 181, 183, 230, 235, 371, 427, 429, 439, 450
Hitchcock, Bob 160
Hluhluwe Game Reserve 78
Hoanib River 42, 47, 49, 59, 88, 123, 126, 308, 311, 316–318, 321, 324, 326, 333, 344, 349–350, 354–357, 380, 394
Ombonde-Hoanib People’s Landscape 123, 126–128
Hoaruseb River 29, 42, 290, 294, 309, 316–319, 321–322, 324, 328–331, 357, 449
Hobatere Tourism Concession 2, 258, 344, 367, 459, 463, 485
homeland 9, 69–70, 91–100, 103, 110, 145, 177, 185, 195, 201, 219–220, 222–223, 225, 229–230, 359–360, 362, 366, 368–369, 403, 418, 498–500
home range 275–277, 281–282, 456–457, 461, 486
honey / danib 35, 88, 333–334, 353, 396–397
horned adder / Bitis caudalis 261
Huab / ǁHuab River 42, 51, 311, 348, 355
human-wildlife conflict (HWC) 7, 16, 121, 123, 125, 130, 188, 252, 292, 298, 389, 394, 449, 474, 476, 479, 483, 485, 498
human-elephant conflict (HEC). See elephant: human-elephant conflict (HEC)
human-lion conflict (HLC). See lion / Panthera leo: human-lion conflict (HLC)
hunting 3, 6, 13, 15, 23–29, 31–32, 35, 41, 44, 47, 50, 55, 58–62, 70, 74, 76, 80–82, 84, 86–87, 96–97, 99–101, 109–110, 112, 114–115, 118, 120, 122, 125–126, 130, 168, 171–172, 175, 177, 179–180, 183, 193, 221, 224, 243–244, 251, 261, 290, 314, 332, 334, 336–337, 343, 345, 359, 364–368, 390, 395, 397, 405–406, 409–411, 413–417, 419, 421, 430–431, 433–434, 450–453, 472, 480, 485, 500
conservation hunting 125
hunting economy 221
trophy hunting 3, 55, 87, 96–97, 99, 112, 114, 118, 122, 126, 171, 179, 343, 365–366, 390, 452, 480
white hunters 29
hunting and gathering 13–14, 144, 403, 407, 419, 430–431, 434
gathering 6, 13–14, 35, 109, 144, 259, 276, 383, 403, 407, 410, 419, 421, 430–431, 434, 437
Hurubes / ǁHurubes 334, 336, 349, 351–353, 356, 359
hybridisation 11, 181, 186, 271, 275, 278–282, 499
hybrid swarm 278
hydro-scape 9, 219–220, 223, 228, 230, 233, 235–237, 498
hyena. See mammals: hyena
Icelandic International Development Agency (ICEIDA) 230
Imperial Cold Storage and Supply Company 77
Independence 70, 102, 109–111, 123, 146, 160, 168–169, 178, 195, 199, 201–202, 208, 211, 223, 230, 232–233, 345, 369, 371, 427, 431–433, 435, 437, 439
post-Independence 1, 4, 6–7, 9, 35, 69, 101–102, 109, 111, 126, 191, 199, 201, 203, 205, 220, 233, 235–236, 282, 369, 432
post-Independent government 235
Indigenous peoples 2–5, 8, 12–13, 23, 26, 28, 35–36, 43–44, 46, 50–51, 54, 57, 60, 62, 69, 72, 109, 112, 143, 145, 148–149, 153, 157, 167–168, 171–172, 177, 182, 185–187, 193, 211, 243, 259, 307, 309, 315, 327, 337, 343, 345–346, 351, 357, 365, 371, 396, 404, 418, 421–422, 427, 429, 497
Indigenous peoples’ rights 186, 211, 429
indirect rule. See colonialism: colonial indirect rule
inequality 8, 177–178, 185–186, 427
socioeconomic inequality 427
infrastructure 9, 88, 91, 109, 112, 118, 152, 155, 171, 219–220, 222–226, 228, 230–234, 236, 296, 345, 428, 434, 484
borehole infrastructure 220, 225–226, 234
water infrastructure 9, 171, 219–220, 222, 231, 233–234, 236, 296
Ingold, Tim 14, 403–404, 417, 420
mopane worm / Gonimbrasia belina 151, 388, 396
institutional theory 219
Integrated Community-Based Ecosystem Management (ICEMA) 113
Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC) 3, 101, 111, 113, 125–128, 260, 299–300, 399, 473
International Court of Justice (ICJ) 92, 94
International Labour Organisation (ILO) 149
Convention 169 on the Rights of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples 149
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 113, 274, 289, 294, 447
IUCN African Elephant Status Report 289, 294
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 289
Iona-Skeleton Coast Transfrontier Park 123
ivory 25–27, 29, 32, 36, 50, 59, 110, 221, 290, 316, 495
Jacobsohn, Margaret 101–102, 334, 466
Jobst, Walter (Lieutenant) 56–57
Jordan, William Worthington 45–46
Joubert, Eugene 59, 61, 74, 84–86
African jurisprudence 192
Kai-as 42, 316, 325, 328, 331, 333–338, 349, 352–353, 355
Kakurukouye / Kakurukouje 59, 72, 222
Kalahari 28–30, 158, 262, 314, 381, 404
Kamaherero 28, 31, 38–40, 44–46, 315
Kambatuku, Jack 347
Kambazembi 52
Kamiesberg 274
Kaokoland / Kaokoveld / Kaoko 6, 8, 26–29, 34–40, 42–51, 53–54, 59–61, 70–71, 73, 75–78, 81, 83, 86–88, 90, 93–101, 103, 110, 123, 185, 191–205, 209–211, 213–214, 220–226, 228–229, 262, 307, 310, 314–318, 321–322, 328, 330, 346–347, 350, 354, 356, 358–363, 366, 379–381, 383, 498
Kaokoland Communal Land Area 123, 220
Kaokoland Native Reserve 87, 94, 223
Kaokoland Tribal Council 224
Kaoko Land und Minen Gesellschaft (KLMG) / Kaoko Land and Mining Company 46, 48, 50, 54, 70–71, 310, 316, 321
Kapika, Munimuhoro 224
Kauas-Okawa / Okaua 51
key biodiversity areas (KBAs) 2
Khaudom-Kavango Regions 289
Khoekhoegowab 4–5, 13, 16, 27–28, 34–35, 42–43, 57, 61, 76, 144–145, 160, 272, 307, 309–311, 314, 319, 328–329, 331, 334, 360, 363, 366, 403, 405, 407, 409, 430, 486, 498
Khomas Hochland / |Khomas 82, 96
Khorab 70
Khumib 42, 314, 318–321, 324–325, 330
Khwe / Barrakwengwe 80, 145, 157, 160
Kido, Nicodemus ("Gaseb") 51, 55
kinship 14, 180–182, 194, 211, 229, 236, 403, 409, 411, 416, 418
dual descent 194
Kowareb / Khowareb / Khowarib 59, 96, 346–347, 354–355
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau / Credit Institute for Reconstruction (KfW) 113, 178, 474
Kruger National Park 77–78, 277, 364, 496–497
Kunene
Kunene People’s Park 3, 6, 109, 122, 344, 364
northern Kunene Region 6, 60, 191, 193, 220, 222, 234
Kunene Region 1, 6, 8, 11–12, 49, 60, 72, 82, 109, 115–122, 126, 130, 167, 175, 191–193, 196, 202, 220, 222, 231, 234, 236, 244, 246, 248, 251, 260, 289–290, 292, 299, 316, 326, 343, 362, 369, 397, 447–448, 471, 473, 484
southern Kunene Region 231
Kunene River / !Garib 3, 5, 23, 26–28, 34–35, 40, 44, 47, 50, 71, 73, 77, 94, 221, 314, 316, 321, 332, 364
Kunene Valley 223
labour 5, 23, 25, 55, 58, 72, 74, 116, 122, 145, 174, 193–194, 221, 223, 234, 266, 368, 419, 430–431, 433
land. See also ancestral land; See also communal: land
access to land 114, 146, 206, 209, 220, 226, 229, 232–233, 427, 436
control over land 36, 44, 62, 116, 427
freehold land 1, 4, 75, 80, 94, 97–100, 110–111, 116, 118, 168, 171, 193, 258, 369, 431, 437
illegal land dealings 438
land allocation 58, 196, 203, 212, 214, 434, 438–439, 489
land dispossession 143–144, 146–149, 160–161, 404, 420–421, 428, 430, 435, 438
Haiǁom land dispossession 435
land distribution 116, 171, 427–428
Landespolizei / land police 44, 59
landlessness 7, 131, 145–146, 149, 348, 427–428, 432
land reform 146, 160, 192, 195, 427, 431–432, 434, 439
land reform programme 160, 427, 434, 439
landscape approach 6, 109, 118, 122–123, 127, 131, 308, 497, 500
land tenure security 435
National Land Policy (NLP), 1996 427
Second National Land Conference 439
landscape genetics. See genetics: landscape genetics
leadership 14, 28, 36, 44–45, 53–55, 57–59, 70, 84, 100, 127, 130–131, 147–148, 180, 202, 224, 315, 333, 345, 350, 357, 399, 415, 418, 427–429, 432–433, 435, 437, 439–440, 452, 465, 477, 480–481
Ledger, John 102
Legal Assistance Centre (LAC) 154, 405–406, 429
Legal Resource Centre (LRC) 157
Leggett, Keith 294
Leutwein, Theodor 46, 50–51, 54, 57, 345
Liberia 92
lion / Panthera leo 1, 4, 10, 14–16, 25–26, 30, 47, 61, 81–83, 98–99, 114, 120, 153, 168, 175–177, 243–244, 246, 248–249, 251–252, 261, 276, 331, 337, 344, 347, 354, 382, 389, 391, 393–395, 420, 447–466, 471–474, 476–481, 483–490, 499, 501
desert-adapted lion 14–15, 168, 447–450, 452, 455, 466, 471–473, 480–481, 485
human-lion conflict (HLC) 15, 447, 471–472, 483–484
Human-Lion Conflict Management Plan for North West Namibia, 2017 15, 451, 471–472
Lion Blocks 453
Lion Rangers 2, 14–15, 101, 246–249, 447–449, 451–466, 471–481
Lion Rangers Programme 2, 14–15, 448–449, 452, 455, 471–472, 480
livelihoods 11, 14–15, 28, 79, 82, 109–110, 114, 143–144, 149–154, 160, 168, 171, 173–174, 181–182, 194, 243–244, 249, 251–252, 292, 297, 299–300, 308–309, 327–328, 337, 361, 368–369, 388, 405, 418, 430–432, 434, 440, 447–450, 465–466, 471, 480, 483, 486, 498
livestock 4–5, 9–11, 15–16, 23, 35–37, 41, 50–53, 57–58, 71, 73, 76, 100, 102–103, 112, 114, 118, 120, 126, 130–131, 144, 146, 151, 153–154, 171, 173–174, 177, 181, 191, 194, 197–198, 200–201, 203–206, 208–211, 213, 219–220, 222–224, 226–228, 232–234, 243, 246, 249, 274, 290, 292, 296–299, 314, 320, 326–327, 345–347, 349–352, 354, 356–357, 366, 368, 371, 379, 381, 389–391, 394, 396, 415, 419–420, 427–428, 430, 432, 434, 447–450, 453, 457–458, 466, 471–474, 476–477, 479, 481, 483–490, 498–500
good grazing / ozondunino yomaryo 229
grazing guards / ovatjevere vomaryo 229
grazing police / ovapolise vomaryo 229
livestock husbandry 102, 223–224, 226, 484
livestock numbers 76, 130, 174, 203, 223, 227–228, 232
overstocking 432
Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) 112–113
local ecological knowledge (LEK) 11, 293–294, 296, 300
local institutions 9, 195, 202, 220, 235, 237
local leaders 9, 52, 54, 195, 199, 201–202, 211, 219–220, 224
local ordering 181
longitudinal research 429
Loutit, Blythe 100
Lüderitz / Angra Pequeña
Lüderitz, August 44
Lüderitzland 43