Index

 

 

9/11 events 34, 123

Abu Ghraib prisoners 116

Achebe, Chinua 13

Afghanistan

dialogue 47

multilateralism 38, 111–13

poverty 20–1

rethinking 122

terrorism 49

women/consultation 84

Africa 73

Alderdice, John 27–8, 40

Alliance of Civilizations report, UN 97, 115–16

Al Qaeda 24

America 34, 50, 123

apartheid 19, 24–5

Appiah, Kwame Anthony 27–8, 40

arms exports 115

Audioslave music band 96

Australia 86–7, 94–5

Bangladesh 3–4, 20, 105–6

‘belonging’ 87–8

Big Power politics 108

Bombay (Mumbai) 19, 20, 68

Bonn Agreement 2001 112

Britain 50, 67–8, 126

Brixton race riots, Britain 126

Burundi 78

Calcutta (Kolkata) 17–20, 67–8

Calgacus (Scottish chief) 21–2

children

inequality 71

as soldiers 100

violence 48

see also young people

CHOGM see Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

citizenship 87

Civil Paths to Peace report 2, 6, 24, 27–137

commission members 27–31

communication 93–7, 128–9

conclusions 123–31

conflict 75–80

education 99–106, 125, 129–30

executive summary 32–40

grievance 75–80, 125–6

historical aspects 75–80

humiliation 67–74, 125–6

inequality 67–74, 126

the international order 107–20

media 93–7, 128–9

multilateralism 107–20, 122–4, 131

nature/nurture of violence 59–66

political participation 81–92, 126–8

poverty 67–74

preface 133–5

presentation letter 136–7

the way forward 121–31

why respect/understanding matter 41–57

young people 99–106, 129–30

civil society 1–25

development 127

initiatives 2, 5

organizations 36, 79, 86–7

violence 1–25

Clarkson, Adrienne 27, 29, 40

‘clash of civilisations’ theory 10–12, 14, 34, 53–4, 134

colonialism 72–3

the Commission see Commonwealth Commission on Respect and Understanding

Commonwealth 44–7

countries in conflict 48

dialogue 45, 47

learning from the past 122–3

membership 118

networks 46

political participation 89–90

principles/values 46–7, 89–90

renewal 105

ways of working 45–6

why respect/understanding matter 44–7

see also Commonwealth ‘

Commonwealth approach’ 33

dialogue and dignity 122

multilateral approaches 38

political participation 89

respect/understanding 33, 44

Commonwealth Commission on Respect and Understanding (the Commission)

agreed emphases 33

‘Commonwealth approach’ 33

executive summary 32–3

members 27–31

shared forums 33

violence and civil society 2, 6, 24

why commission established 121

written submissions to 147–8

see also Civil Paths to Peace

Commonwealth Foundation 64

Commonwealth Games 37–8, 102

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) 32, 121, 133, 136

Commonwealth Secretary-General 38, 39, 110, 133, 135

Commonwealth Youth Games 102

Commonwealth Youth Programme 101, 105

communication 83–4, 93–7, 128–9

community-building 88

confidence-building 88–9, 90

conflict 34, 75–80

confidence-building 88–9

education 104–5

media exacerbation 93–4

media roles 96–7

Middle East 115–16

why respect/understanding matter 47–8

see also violence

consultation styles 83–4

see also dialogue

cooperation, regional 118–20

counter-terrorism 50–1

crime 5, 17–18, 68

Cronulla Beach, Australia 94–5

cultural contexts 46

cultural diversity 4

cultural influences 34, 56–7

cultural theories

government action 55–7

remedies to theories 55

root causes 53–7

violence 10–15, 19, 23

Declaration of Commonwealth Principles 45

Delhi 18, 20

democracy

civil initiatives 2

Commonwealth 47

developed countries 117

political participation 90–2

dialogue

multilateralism 109, 123–4, 135

political participation 81, 88–90

religious groups 3–4

report conclusions 121–4

terrorists 52–3

why respect/understanding matter 45, 47, 52–3

dignity 121–3

disadvantage, socio-economic 68–9

discussion

by email 94

government by 2, 23, 81–2, 86, 91

disrespect 44, 59, 73–4, 133

see also respect

double standards 114–15

economic inequality 5

economic privation 15

education 35–8, 99–106

age extensions 103

content 104, 124–5

difference management 104–5

participation 103

private 105–6

reflection on conflict 104–5

report conclusions 129–30

respect/understanding 37, 103–6

social cohesion 104–5

world history 104

youth working together 56–7

see also young people

elections 90–1, 111, 117

email discussion groups 94

employment 99–100

empowerment 101–3

‘engineered bloodshed/violence’ 12, 130, 133

ethno-religious government 91–2

European Movement 25

executive summary 32–40

education 35–8

grievance 34–5

history 34–5

inequality 34–5

media 35–7

multilateral approaches 38

new thinking 34

participation 35–7

reach of civil paths 39–40

thoughts on conflict 34

young people 37–8

export of arms 115

extremism 34

9/11 events 34, 123

double standards 115

multilateralism 113, 115

religious 20–1

see also terrorism

faith-based approaches 50

faith-based organizations 88, 106, 127

see also religion

faith and identity 64–6

First World War 3, 14–15, 66

freedom fighters 52

G8 countries 115

Gandhi, Mahatma 14

gender equity 96

see also women

globalization 63, 114

Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland 77

Good Offices, Secretary-General 38, 110

Gordimer, Nadine 9, 13, 25

‘government by discussion’ 2, 23, 81–2, 86, 91

governments

CHOGM 32, 121, 133, 136

implementing respect 55–7

military training 56

police training 56

grievance 34–5, 75–80

historical aspects 75–6

injustice 113

narratives 76–7

Northern Ireland 67

regional 119–20

report conclusions 125–6

group violence 133–4

and civil society 1–6, 17

defeating terrorism 122

multilateralism 135

poverty 67

why respect/understanding matter 41

see also violence

Guantanamo prisoners 116

Haq, Mahbub ul 7

hate-related violence 51–2

HDI see Human Development Index

heads of governments, CHOGM 32, 121, 133, 136

Heyzer, Noeleen 27, 29, 40

Hindu/Muslim riots 12–13, 19

historical aspects 34–5, 75–80, 104

HIV/AIDS 86–7, 101

homicide 5, 18, 133

Hossain, Kamal 27, 29, 40

Howard, Elaine Sihoatani 27, 29, 40

human development 6–9

Human Development Index (HDI) 7–8

human rights 43–4, 46

human security 5–10

humiliation 73–4, 125–6

Huntington, Samuel 34

identity

civil paths commitment 124–5

faith 64–6

multiple identities 65–6

Muslim/Western 54

national 35–6, 39, 124, 127

politics 13–15, 62–3

richness of 39

see also solitarist identity

inclusion 81–2, 126–8

The Independent Commission on Africa 73

India 17–20, 79

inequality 34–5, 67–74

disparity couplings 70

economic 5

embedded 70–2

intervention rationales 69–70

lack of protest 71–2

perceptions of 71, 126

report conclusions 126

violence 5, 15–24, 67–71

injustice 113–14

institutional change 134–5

international institutions 116

international law 116

the international order 107–20

double standards 114–16

injustice 113–14

international institutions 116

respect/understanding 113–14, 117

uneven globalization benefits 114

internet 94–5

Iraq 49, 111, 116, 122

Ireland 21–2, 75

see also Northern Ireland

Irish Famine 22, 75

island states 101–2, 119

Israeli–Palestine conflict 115–16

Kolkata see Calcutta

Ladbury, Sarah 31

landlocked countries 119

law, international 116

leadership in civil society 127

left-wing politics 19–20, 68

Lewis Mumford Lecture 2007 17–19

Liberia 80

Loya Jirgas (Grand Assemblies), Afghanistan 84

Maathai, Wangari Muta 27, 29–30, 40

Mahfouz, Naguib 13

Mandela, Nelson 25, 33

media 35–7, 93–7

accountability 93

as important influence 93–4

innovative roles 96–7

new media 94–5

report conclusions 128–9

medical inequality 24

Middle East 22–3, 25, 115–16

MIFTAH see Promotion of Global Dialogue and Democracy

migration 74, 114

military initiatives

report conclusions 124–5, 130

terrorism 49

UN 88

unilateralism 113

violence 1–2, 6, 41–2

military training 56

Mill, John Stuart 2, 23

multiculturalism 35

multilateralism 38, 107–20

common interests 108

dialogue 109, 123–4, 135

late opportunities 111–13

regional neighbours 118–20

report conclusions 122–4, 131

respect/understanding 108, 113–14

unilateralism 108–10

multiple identities 65–6

Mumbai see Bombay

Muslims

Cronulla Beach 95

cultural theories 54

grievance narratives 76

humiliation 73–4

Israeli–Palestine conflict 115–16

multiple identities of 12-13, 54

Muslim-Hindu relations 12–13, 19, 20

psychological violence 60

role in civil society 50

radicalisation 116

schools 106

terrorism 50–1

women 84, 95

national identity 35–6, 39, 124, 127

nationalism 14–15

national security 6–7, 9

negotiation 62

Nettleford, Ralston Milton 27, 30, 40

networks 46

Nigeria 110

Northern Ireland

grievance 67, 75–6, 77

multilateralism 113

newspaper initiatives 96–7

poverty and violence 67

Oe, Kenzaburo 9

Ogata, Sadako 10

one-dimensional identity see solitarist identity

opposition parties 82, 91

O’Regan, Kate 84

Owen, Wilfred 14–15

Oz, Amos 13

Pacific Islands 101–2

Pakistan 49

Palestine

elections 117

humiliation 74

Israeli–Palestine conflict 115–16

media initiative 96

reconciliation 79

women 79, 96

Pan-Commonwealth Youth Caucus 101

Paris, France 2005 70

parliaments, youth 101–2

participation see political participation

physical violence 59–61

police 48, 56

political carnage 15

political participation 35–7, 81–92

best practice 90–2

civil society 86–7

Commonwealth principles 89–90

confidence-building 88–9

consultation styles 83–4

dialogue and inclusion 81

how it is done 82–3

promoting democracy 90–2

report conclusions 126–8

sense of ‘belonging’ 87–8

women 36, 128

young people 85

politics

Big Powers 108

Calcutta 19–20, 68

identity 13–15, 62–3

left-wing 19–20, 68

violence 15–24, 59, 61

poverty 35, 67–74

economic connections 20–3

and peace 21–2

unethical argument 16–17

violence 15–24, 67–9

power-sharing government 91–2

private education 105–6

Promotion of Global Dialogue and Democracy (MIFTAH) 96

Proust 13, 25

proxy wars 115

psychological violence 59–61

race riots, Brixton 126

radicalisation of Muslims 116

radio broadcasts 94

rape 60

reconciliation 74, 77–80, 100–1, 126

regional cooperation 118–20

religion

dialogue 3–4

differences 3–4, 12–14, 20, 134

ethno-religious government 91–2

extremism 20–1

identity 3–4

‘War on Terror’ 50

see also faith…

representation issues 82–3

respect 41–57

agendas for peace 42

the Commission 2, 6, 24, 27–33, 121, 147–8

Commonwealth 44–7, 118

definitions 43–4

devaluing 117

education 37, 103–6

government implementation 55–7

international institutions 116

international law 116

intrinsic value 133

multilateralism 108, 113–14

multiple identities 65

for people/viewpoints 42

regional neighbours 118–20

violence 41–2, 47–8

‘War on Terror’ 49–53

why it matters 41–57

young people 99–101

‘retaliatory’ violence 130

rights see human rights

robbery 59

Rwabyomere, Joan 27, 30, 40

Rwanda

multiple identities 66

radio hate broadcasts 94

violence 12, 13, 23

women and reconciliation 78

Saggar, Shamit 31

Sampaio, Jorge 4

Scarman Report 1982 125–6

schools 106

Secretary-General of the Commonwealth 38, 39, 110, 133, 135

secular religion 65

security 130

human 5–10

national 6–7, 9

terrorism 133

Security Council Resolution 1325, UN 78

Sen, Amartya 27, 40

Sierra Leone 110

single majority-simple plurality (SMSP) electoral system 91

singular identity see solitarist identity small states 120

SMSP see single majority-simple plurality electoral system

social cohesion 104–5

socio-economic disadvantage 68–9

solitarist identity

colonialism 72–3

faith/religion 3–4, 64–6

violence 3–4, 11–15, 61–6, 72

see also ‘clash of civilisations’ theory

South Africa

anti-apartheid movement 24–5

dialogue 47

grievance 126

multilateralism 109–10

TRC 80, 126

violence 19, 24–5

South Asia 60, 84

Soviet Union 21

sport 37–8, 56, 102–3

stigmatized groups 101

technology 48, 94–5

terrorism 34

9/11 events 34, 123

civil paths commitment 124

double standards 115

ethical thinking 24

multilateralism 113, 135

nature of violence 60

security measures 5, 133–4

terrorists 52–3

time to rethink 122

‘War on Terror’ 49–53

why respect/understanding matter 41, 48–53

see also group violence

Tevoedjre, Albert 73

text messaging 94–5

Tonga Youth Parliament 102

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), South Africa 80, 126

Turnbull, Lucy 27, 30–1, 40

Tutu, Desmond 25

UN see United Nations

understanding 41–57

the Commission 2, 6, 24, 27–33, 121, 147–8

Commonwealth 44–7, 118

definitions 43–4

devaluing 117

education 37, 103–6

intrinsic value 133

multilateralism 108, 113–14

root causes 53–7

sport 102–3

violence 41–2, 47–8

‘War on Terror’ 49–53

why it matters 41–57

young people 99–101

unilateralism 108–10, 113

United Nations (UN)

Alliance of Civilizations report 97, 115–16

military initiatives 88

reach of civil paths 39

Security Council Resolution 13, 25, 78

value systems 63

violence

civil society 1–25

cultural theories 10–15, 19, 23

economic connections 20–3

economic inequality 5

‘engineered’ 12, 130, 133

faith and identity 64–6

human development 6–9

human security 5–10

humiliation 73–4

identity politics 13–15, 62–3

inequality 5, 15–24, 67–71

means of resistance 4–5

military initiatives 1–2, 6, 41–2

nationalism 14–15

national security 6–7, 9

nature/nurture aspects 59–66

new thinking 34

politics 15–24, 59, 61

poverty 15–24, 67–9

psychological 59–61

religious differences 3–4, 12–14, 20

‘retaliatory’ 130

solitarist identity 3–4, 11–15, 61–6, 72

theory integration 10, 23–4

triggers 72–3

why respect/understanding matter 41–2, 47–8

women 48, 60–1

see also conflict; group violence;

terrorism

war 3, 14–15, 66, 115

‘War on Terror’ 49–53

counter-terrorism 50–1

dialogue 52–3

faith-based approaches 50

freedom fighters 52

hate-related violence 51–2

polarized society 51

tactical terrorism 52

weapons of war 48

Western hegemony 114

Western identity 54

Williams, Tennessee 22

women

Afghanistan 84

consultation 83–4

disrespect 44

Palestine 79, 96

political participation 36, 128

psychological violence 60–1

rape 60

reconciliation 77–80

South Asian 84

violence 48, 60–1

Woode, Georgina 83

world-views 62

Writing and Being (Gordimer) 13

written submissions to the Commission 147–8

young people 99–106

black young people 68

Commonwealth Youth Games 102

Commonwealth Youth Programme 101, 105

empowerment 101–2

migration 114

personality damage 79–80

political participation 85

psychological violence 61

reconciliation 79–80

report conclusions 129–30

respect/understanding 99–101

sport 102–3

working together 56–7

Youth Ambassadors for Positive

Living 101

youth parliaments 101–2

see also education

Youth Ambassadors for Positive Living 101

youth parliaments 101–2

YouTube 129

Zimbabwe 38, 111, 118