Illustrations

Fig. 1 Marie Louise Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, Self-portrait, 1800. Oil on canvas, 78.5 x 68 cm. Inv. no. GE-7586 The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg. Photograph © The State Hermitage Museum Photo by Vladimir Terebenin, Leonard Kheifets, Yuri Molodkovets.

Fig. 2 Grand Duchess Maria Fedorovna, three Imperial buttons, 1790. Drawings in graphite on vellum, mounted in gold frames. Lot no. 424, The Russian Sale, Sotheby’s, London, 1 December 2004. Photograph courtesy of Sotheby’s.

Fig. 3 Grand Duchess Maria Fedorovna, three Imperial buttons, 1790 (detail of fig. 2).

Fig. 4 Ekaterina Khilkova, The Interior of the Women’s Department of the St Petersburg Drawing School for Auditors, 1855. Oil on canvas, 73 x 89 cm State Russian Museum, St Petersburg.

Fig. 5 Christina Robertson, Portrait of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, 1841. Oil on canvas, 249 x 151 cm. Inv. no. GE-4784. The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg. Photograph © The State Hermitage Museum. Photo by Vladimir Terebenin, Leonard Kheifets, Yuri Molodkovets.

Fig. 6 The dynamics of rape, 1834–1893