Contents

1.

Law, Culture, and Industry: Toward a History of Intellectual Property for Visual Works in the Long Nineteenth Century

1

2.

The First Copyright Case under the 1735 Engravings Act: The Germination of Visual Copyright?

39

3.

Who Owns Washington? Gilbert Stuart and the Battle for Artistic Property in the Early American Republic

77

4.

The Scope of Artistic Copyright in Nineteenth-Century England

119

5.

The ‘Death of Chatterton’ Case: Reproductive Engraving, Stereoscopic Photography, and Copyright for Paintings circa 1860

145

6.

Before an Image Was Worth a Thousand Words: Ben-Hur and Copyright’s Right of Derivatives

195

7.

The Frame Maker/Picture Dealer: A Crucial Intermediary in the Nineteenth-Century American Popular Print Market

237

8.

Piracy, Copyright, and the Transnational Trade in Illustrations of News in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

273

9.

(Re)Assembling Reference Books and Recycling Images: The Wood Engravings of the W. & R. Chambers Firm

295

10.

Architectural Copyright, Painters and Public Space in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Britain

339

11.

Nineteenth-Century American Sculpture and United States Design Patents

367

12.

New or Improved? American Photography and Patents ca. 1840s to 1860s

401

13.

King Tāwhiao’s Photograph: Copyright, Celebrity, and the Commercial Image in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand

443

14.

‘Photography VS the Press’: Copyright Law and the Rise of the Photographically Illustrated Press

471